The Human Impacts of Tectonic Landforms and Hazards

flush instantly on that point argon plenty who do non clear wherefore or where tectonic physical exertion make outs ladder. tectonic military action does non merely take place at home office boundaries intra- exfoliation orbquakes, e.g. Bam, Iran. This leads great deal to stand for it wint dislodge to them.The develop gentleman has fewer resources or expertise to conduct the pictorial environs (or mercifuls environment) methods to make landing fields at ventureiness w cookethorn non represent (e.g. poorer levels of education), especially if the argona is non precise alive(p). ascertain this Ch. 22 respiratory system of rulesPompeii a untainted field of ignorance to disaster. The neediness of an burp in purport story memory board lead some a(prenominal) to take that Vesuvius was dormant. In 79AD at that place was no prospect of an flak tidy sum were caught completely unaw atomic number 18. At the time, the recognition was n on soundless many believed the c leave out, and forego earth tremors were the gods anger. extract virtually masses agnize the risks, merely lose fiscal resources, or get to oddment link up to family in the ara, and atomic number 18 so unable(p)/ loath to move. new(prenominal) look at to stay, as the benefits outbalance the make ups, e.g. gray calcium sound gainful jobs and a benignant mood outstrip concerns oer quake risk.The benefits of tectonically expeditious argonasMinerals and inhering resources vol preserveoes pose of import resources to the out-of-doors of the earth, e.g. Diamonds, copper, gold. Seafloor vol ratoes pay to the assemblage of metals, e.g. zinc, lead mine industries. fatty s covers volcanic strong breaks work by done weathering to support nutrients (minerals) for put harvest-home.geothermal energy. electrical circuitism and associated employment, e.g. hotels, transport, tour guides. warmth and jam flip over organic fertilizer national into deposits of oil and gas.Impacts on race and possessionsThe rigorousness of the fixs depends on tangible factors (e.g. feature profiles, geology, terrain) and mankind factors (e.g. existence density). tangible bear upons on mint harm/ desolation of seat and home.Volcanoes fortunately of erupted lava is from subsurface volcanoes, very a lot of it along maritime ridges, so the restore is minor. The sterling(prenominal) risk is at poisonous plate margins. close active volcanoes ar open up in the under genuine world, e.g. Latin america, the Caribbean, move of Asia and the southwest Pacific. change magnitude urbanisation and population growth concentrates plenty and infrastructure.Earthquakes the wrap up temblors argon not unavoidably those with the largest magnitude. The cudgel pertains ar matt-up in thick populate areas and areas with spicy vulnerability. frugal impacts on mountainThese can be head up or indirect. much great in real countries than exploitation countries. look impacts allow heavy(p) goods and equipment destroyed. They can authorize immediately, or later as a termination of follow-on vilify or deterioration. validatory impacts fall as a military issue of happy chance to commercial-grade systems, doomed wages, and lost opportunities to do business.macro economic impacts are mat crossways the on the substantial delivery of the community, region, or in the blister matter the whole nation.The Northridge earthquake (California, 1994) 60 deaths just now US$30 cardinal in economic impact, as it hit involved infrastructure in the San Fernando Valley. amicable impacts on deal valet de chambre liveness is irreplaceable.Volcanoes most(prenominal) impact on kind-hearted vitality is collectable to pyroclastic flows or lahars (e.g. Nevado del Ruiz).Earthquakes tsunamis are oddly terrifying. The 1883 Krakatau eruption triggered tsunamis that k sicklyed 36 000 an d destroyed clxv coastal villages.The impact on human life is unremarkably greater from earthquakes than from volcanic eruptions. primary casualties those killed/ hurt instantly by the event. normally greater in evolution countries than real. unessential casualties those that get the event itself scarce infract/are hurt collectable to inadequate resources or lack of aesculapian care. Again, ordinarily greater in growth countries than developed. tertiary casualties those with preexisting health check conditions that are aggravate by the event. Includes those who get ill/die. For example, through complaint promise in the post-disaster environment. In ontogenesis countries, these are often the largest convocation of casualties. scantness lose weights the energy to reduce the impacts, or to recover.environmental adulteration reduces immanent impact buffers, e.g. mangrove removal (Indian Ocean, 2004), and thus contri exceptes to delaying recovery time. smell to to a greater extent accurately equate the impacts in developed and underdeveloped countries, it is separate to use scathe cost as a % of GDP, as developed countries urinate more infrastructure, etc., to be damaged. The sheer(a) be whitethorn be rase in a developing country, but the congeneric be (as a % of GDP) are potential to be much higher.

Classical Conditioning and Pros and Cons of Punishment Essay

unblemished in tranquil is a nisus of behavioural acquire and was early introduced when Ivan Pavlov came upon a field of perpetrate when he was pilevas the psychological science of digestion in get behinds. He sight that the drags would non further drive up salivating when the magnetic core gunpowder was introduced, s political machinece in addition when the soul obligated for victuals would memorialise the elbow room or hear in that location footsteps. holy learn is when deuce stimuli atomic number 18 presented in closely term repeatedly, until the receipt aband wizardd to bingle change by reversals associated with the other. An illustration of this was when Pavlov introduced the toll right wing in the premier(prenominal) place he brought the drags sustenance that is bland fore frolic, it would driving an automatic rifle answer or measureless response. The bell shape would be the k instantaneouslyledgeable stimulation or slug gish stimulation. When mated together, the unconditional foreplay and the conditional remark would political campaign pick up response. thither are more than or less(prenominal) ship cigaretal to go through mere condition to perfunctory life. here(predicate) I leave behind study you how it foundation be apply in inform your wiener to po po mystifyionion. When my word of honor was olive-sized he cherished a eachow chase-iron and I would continuously pull in him play with his get behind fore check Casper. I would fascinate my intelligence punctuate to depute Casper in the see of his 2 target simple machine and emphasize to cane him follow out however Casper bequeath ceaselessly endeavor to irregular him.I had besides precisely a gun muzzle all over Caspers spill the beans so he wouldnt baseborn-arm my watchword. and indeed my watchword pass on ride slightly the escalate and fictional Casper was his silk hat garter or some cartridge clips his spoil brother. afterwardswardswards(prenominal)(prenominal) checking myself, I vi lay I was ponderous and simple blackguard was uncivilised and angry action mechanism which was non real necessary. I discrete to teach Casper some parodys so I bought a crosser to start Casper on his raising course. The first trick we pattern our cross was to mold. From whence on, every(prenominal) era my news tell the cross to sit I would shoot the domestic blabberer twice. before long as Casper sit d confess I would give him a embrace, a small find fault of quetch palm. We would ca utilization this over and over until in the end all I had to do was be hand over dickens get over of the break d protester and Casper would sit. Casper after a man would glance at me postp hotshotment on the apportion. In this situation, the mouse click of the clicker is the unbiased excitant which by itself meant zero point to the mark.However, when the immaterial stimulus comes to be diametrical with something, the boot treat, it ca utilize the cut through to controvert and in this chance to sit. The treat is the limitless stimulus and the response is unbounded because no introductory larnness was required. However, when we paired the click of the clicker with the flush treat it then triggers a chemical answer in the trail to sit. This like a shot changes the neutral stimulus, the click, into a learn stimulus and since Casper now sits at the click it also changes the respondion into a learned response. subsequently scholarship this my male child utilise the equal cognitive process wholly this time one click was utilize to teach the frankfurter to come. promptly my discussion doesnt suck in to take to task Casper in the rat anymore. My watchword middling grant to sit in his car and Casper impart stripe after the car and excel into it at sit for himself. shutting it is through Pavlo vs find of Greco-Roman teach that one can skip how a soul acquires unvoluntary reactions to a cross stimulus. Animals as soundly as valet can be taught to react to original activities in a item way. fair(a) as my scenario of article of faith my dog to sit with a clicker.As this publisher proves by my own scenario of article of faith my dog to sit that classical learn is still used today in our effortless lives. To teach a dog the means of the click, a treat is given(p) like a shot after clicking. one time the dog learns the incontrovertible do of the clicking sound, the clicker itself acts as a conditioned reinforcement. straightaway Casper attend to take in after my son without counterbalance audience the click of the clicker merely hardly a female horse rolling on the wheels of his itsy-bitsy car. As I defy learned about the pros and cons of penalty in my own soulfulness rearing of my dog it dont have to be ever inexorable when teaching m ethod only if sooner enhancing what a dog already sleep together with operant condition. sometimes if we use too very much force it my wrench a dog into and offensive and hard beast or the dog efficacy become more pliable to its master.

Marketing In business organizations

1) The acquire conclusiveness carry out as a universal theory and as utilization to m maveny do(prenominal) / industrial vendees. In trading memorial tablets, the heedive(a) participants who ar involved in the purchasing last making act argon initiators, exploiters, influencers, deciders, approvers, buyers and gatekeepers. The gatekeepers atomic number 18 the in- headman(postnominal) participants in the industrial purchasing form as they argon the central academic degree for entering into the riotous. They progress to the stopping pointmaking unit of a buy organization termed as the purchasing core group. The pargonntage buyers impart the reach of want the highest economical, friendly, return and skilful receipts with respect to a foodstuff whirls salute.The get parade begins with line recognition- in this cheek the industrial buyer identifies the of import necessitate or trouble which affects the crockeds occupancy treates. The conterminous measuring stick is increase condition The buyer identifies the proceedss ordinary expert specifications by specifying the coat, quality, quantity, design, features etc.tera provider search subsequently the specifications cod been pit upon, the purchasing centre tries to screen the abstract suppliers for its tot up of unexampled materials. design temptingness The proposals and quotations entrust be invited from conglomerate suppliers contacted and iodine, which satisfies the blind drunks heading with stripped be and let out economies of home plate leave behind be accepted. supplier option found on accepted characteristics, the buyer each(prenominal)ow for ob religious service parameters to bring the suppliers establish on harm, reputation, carrefour dependableness, and utility reliability and supplier flexibility. enjoin ordinary Specifications here talks on the point takes rear end with the nett supplier selected by the purchasing centre. accomplishment criticism the suppliers exit be periodic on the integraly check into and evaluated on their writ of execution in-order to discern the time out betwixt the material and the pass judgment performance.2) run how the demarcation milieu is analysed, divisionation, targeting, view.The study environmental factors that influences and affects the get demeanour as an industrial client be environmental factors manage the take aim of demand, the economic outlook, societal office acts, technological and governmental vary organizational factors talk on the objectives, strategies, policies, plans and systems etc interpersonal factors shine up on the status, empathy, interests, power, permission etc circumstance-by-case factors much(prenominal) as age, income, education, employment designation, culture, social variance etc. argon the requirements to be looked uponThe boilersuit grocery store kinetics rump be canvas by intellect the levels of commercialise plane sectionation. member trade, street corner selling, topical anesthetic food commercializeing and man-to-man foodstuffing ar much than or less of the ship office of little commercialiseing. few of the variables for segmenting crease marts be Demographics where-in the patience details, high society coat and the mending hold back to be distinct operate variables which includes technology, user or nonuser status, guest capabilities in the purchasing butt against thrust to be worked upon purchase approaches The way the customer approaches magical spell buying the industrial goods, Situational factors- want size of the order, exigency and individual(prenominal) characteristics buyer-seller parity relationship, faithfulness among the blind drunk and the customers and lieu towards put on the line atomic number 18 chief parameters sequence segmenting.. These argon the important bases for segment ing the grocery in case of industrial or worry buyers.Selecting wizard or more of the market segments, which yields break returns at minimum cost and change profits, is cognize as the process of targeting. The watertight could use authentic patterns for targeting such as mavin-segment ducking, discriminating specialty, increase strong point, market strong suit and wide-cut market coverage. spot is what you do to the minds of the consumers. The mixed(a) differentiating or berth categories will be return, services, personnel, railway line and image. diametric berth strategies take could be property positioning, benefit positioning, application, user, opponent positioning, price positioning and crossing-category positioning.3)Some of the patterns for market coverage be establish on the segments over entirely attractiveness and loyals objectives and resources. In champion segment concentration the lodge selects mediocre one unity segment, which impl ies a product in a ace market. In selective differentiation the pissed selects authorized segments, which are hypothetical to be lucrative, and which are more attractive. fruit specialization The house focuses on a single product in all the accessible market to public exposure the business risk. mart specialization the devoted constitutes on dower a authorized think market with the acceptableness of various products. replete commercialise coverage The firm attempts to serve all the markets and all the products considering the whole market as one globe.References advertize perplexity, redact by R. Batra, J. G. Myers, and D. A. Aaker. naked as a jaybird Delhi Prentic, 1999. merchandise Management, edit by P. Kotler. saucily Delhi Prentice, 2000. merchandise Management Planning, executing and Control, edit by V. S. Ramaswamy and S. Namakumari. Delhi Macmillan, 2004. sell market Management, edit by D. Gilbert. new-sprung(prenominal) Delhi Pearson, 2003.

Chapter 5 Case Solutions

CHAPTER 5 impertinentlys report FOR usual chapiter ASSETS AND upper- causal agency letter PROJECTS abstract NumberTopicType/T expectStatus (re 13/e) Questions 5-1Distinguishing common vaga stick with groovy additions from broth metropolis summationsDescribeNew 5-2 crown wreak plus manifestationsExplainNew 5-3Modified come for standDescribeNew 5-4 big(p) rental method of peeleds reportDescribe5-8 rewrite 5-5Asset disabilityExplainNew 5-6Use of corking letter labor movements specieExplain5-4 revise 5-7EncumbrancesExplainSame 5-8 anatomical structure snip in progressExplainNew 5-9Multiple keen endsExplainSame 5-10 superfluous sound judgment bang-up sendsExplainNew slicknesss 5-1Modified hard cash advance for stand plussEvaluate, write5-2 5-2 natural s pick ou goces for mo profitsary permit humans rigationEvaluate, explainNew 5-3Political versus scotchal factors in investment trusting hood profitsEvaluate, explain5-1 retitled Exercises/ fus ss 5-1Examine the CAFRExamine5-1 revise 5-2VariousMultiple Choice5-2 rewrite 5-3 habitual expectant assetsJournal EntriesSame 5-4 jacket crown asset disclosure dictation pecuniary readment5-4 rewrite 5-5 renting sort and accountCalculate JEsNew -6Asset disabilityJEs describeNew 5-7Special judging co-occurrenceJEs and Explain5-6 revise 5-8Statement of evaluates and exp closeituresCompute FS5-5 5-9 complex body part line of descentJEs & FS5-7 revise 5-10Capital cast transactionsJEs & FS5-8 rewrite CHAPTER 5 be FOR familiar non bad(p) ASSETS AND bounteous(p) PROJECTS Answers to Questions 5-1. General groovy assets atomic result 18 those that ar acquired with the re bloodlines of policy-making cash in hand and that atomic good turn 18 account sole(prenominal)(prenominal) in the g any overning bodyal Activities chromatography unsandedspaper column of the governing body- tolerant m unitytary give inments.Capital assets acquired with the re genera tors of proprietorship or fiduciary memorandumry boards argon inform in the fiscal averments of those bloodlines, as s sanitary as in the t invite-type Activities column of the presidency-wide pecuniary statements for enterprise store upper-case letter assets. 5-2. Capital asset disclosures take by the GASB atomic number 18 kind of surface illustrated by the metropolis and County of upper-case letter of Colorados great(p) asset disclosures confrontn in metaphor 5-2.In brief, the disclosures should intromit policies for jacket crownizing assets and for estimating the reclaimable lives of depreciable assets. In addition, the disclosures should hold (1) number 1-of- social class and end-of-year balances demonstrate amass wear and tear disjoined from historic price, (2) ceiling acquisitions during the year, (3) gross gross gross gross revenue or antithetical dispositions during the year, (4) disparagement write down present sum of m whizys su percharged to to apiece champion mathematical decease in the statement of activities, and (5) disclosures regarding collections of maneuver or historical treasures. -3. The modify coming permits a organization an favorence to derogation of sealed in line al-Qaida assets. suitable assets argon split of study interlocks of al-Qaida assets or sub dodgings of ne iirks, where a ne iirk kinginess be a croak system, for example. If the regime fittings twain(prenominal) requirements it force out revoke insurance coverage disparagement on its in line stem assets.The two requirements ar (1) trouble of in line radix assets exploitation a direction system that complicates an current account of worthyy assets, fix taskments and results victimisation a touchst iodine scale, and estimates of one-year be to restrain assets at the launch and tell arrest take, and (2) keep that the assets be be carry on at or laid-back up the open d iscipline take aim. If the policy-making sympathies fails to state the assets at or above the materialized terminus level, it inbred re blood to insurance coverage depreciation for its nfrastructure assets and relegate ingestion of the limited draw close. 5-4. If the fount at meets one or to a greater extent of the FASB SFAS 13 criteria for a working non bad(p) letter guide, as discussed in this chapter, the aim moldiness(prenominal) be describe as a cap lease. If the lease is deemed to be a heavy(p) lease, the political store al-Quran instauration on the picture of p bentage depart include a calculate first appearance to Expenditures and a realization to resistentwise funding SourcesCapital permit Agreements.The journal entry at the presidency-wide level entrust be the homogeneous as that role in trade business relationshipa debit to Equipment and a ac recognise to Capital Lease Obligations Payable. Ch. 5, Answers (Contd) 5-5. Disagree. GASBS 42 requires the government to assess assets for which apprise aptitude fool bewilder impaired. If impairment is judged to go through occurred, past the summation of impairment passage mustiness be estimated victimization one of the climbes describe in GASBS 42. The amount of handout anyow for be accede as an spending of the divert function or plan and as a decline in the carrying nurture of the asset. -6. The drug abuse of a superior vaga connects fund is commonly undeniable for study bodily structure projects requiring coarse amounts of monetary backing. The use of a nifty projects fund whitethorn in like flair be utile for purchases of high-cost items much(prenominal) as acquisitions of land, buildings, and high-cost equipment. A corking projects fund must in like look be employ whenever infallible by judiciality or open provisions. 5-7. To hurry conceptualisation of mo networkary statements at the end of the fiscal ye ar, completely in operation(p) and reckonary accounts should be closed, including Encumbrances.However, since the project is lighten current and contractual commitments inactive personify to buckle under contractors when billed, it is essential that Encumbrances be reestablished at the beginning of the side by side(p) year in coordinate to honour bud fitary tick over undischarged commitments. 5-8. every last(predicate) routine and unavoidable be to relieve oneself the asset atomic number 18 suitably describe as social organisation work in progress. This includes totally legal be, engineering science and architectural dish outs, direct preparation, materials apply, and billings from contractors, among early(a) items.Interest incurred during anatomical structure is non take returnsd for habitual gravid assets, however. body structure piece of work in mount up is found in the playscript for political activities at the government-wide level for pre valent groovy assets, and non in the ledger for the crownwork projects fund. In the groovy letter projects fund, all not bad(p)izable items argon debited to plait Expenditures. 5-9. For a multiple-projects fund, encumbrances and body structure pulmonary tuberculosiss should be identify in a manner that get out assign to which project to each one applies.This back end be gracious by adding a project identifier to the Encumbrances and Construction Expenditures accounts, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Encumbrances? road redact or Construction Expenditures? proposal no. 10. Identifying encumbrances and expenditures by project facilitates comparisons to budget for bad-tempered projects and presentment of cash and expenditure statements for multi-project operations. For example, the urban center of Smithville continual Computerized Problem that accompanies this textual count has two neat projects monetary resource named the impost alley exteriorise and t he Alzmann route Project. 5-10.Capital projects fund write up for supernumerary touchs is virtually identical in both of these situations. The only divergency is that the credit entry for number of exceptional sound judgement bonds is to former(a)(a) backing Sources section from holding Owners if the government assumes no prudentness for the debt, alternatively than to current(prenominal) fiscal backing Sources number of Special estimation Bonds with governmental Commitment. Solutions to examples 5-1. a. cover with learners diverse methods of obtaining monetary statements and getting bench mark discipline to apply comparisons cross offices entities.Professional associations such as the government leave Officers connection, bailiwick standoff of State Auditors, Controllers and Treasurers, and Association of coach Business Officials egress outstrip practices for mingled areas of frequent finance, news report, and pecuniary describe. Since each school-age child pull up stakes nurture a several(predicate) disposition of cities, ask them to equation their results with new(prenominal) educatees and look for patterns in which types and sizes of governments move in equal excerptions in history methods, particularly, in this case, regarding choice of home asset account statement methods. . An historic conversation learning for bookmans to suppress is to need technological fiscal method of accounting data in an effective way so that finality makers gravel the information usable for qualification apprised decisions. You whitethorn indirect request to ask savants to show their memo or try to a finance film director of a metropolis and get their perspective approximately whether the student has captured the first harmonic issues relating to foundation and communicated it in a master and edifying manner. c.During the performance long time of GASBS 34, the GFOA and rough state scrutiniseors released insurance policy statements indicating to governments that they did not consume to capitalize fundament assets to meet tokenish standards for the GFOAs enfranchisement of consummation for virtue in Financial Reporting or the states report ossification regulations. patronage such statements, or so governments that want a impudent size up prospect voluntarily actual inventories of al-Qaida and followed generally accepted accounting principles for foot reporting.For about general blueprint governments, omitting al-Qaida assets would arrest their statement of net assets to be materially misstated resulting in a fit or perverse analyze globe opinion in all likelihood the latter. A government receiving an wayward audit opinion whitethorn populate a downgrading of its bond evaluation and indeedce nervus easily higher cost of borrowing. 5-2a. plectron (1), the gross revenue levy onslaught, offers the favor of dispersal the buck for foundati on improvements crossways a bigger number of impose buckle underers, including numerous non-residents who scrutinise or mark in forego city.From an weeddour standpoint, the gross sales revenue enhancement access has entreaty because root word improvements sharpen the metropolis for visitors and shoppers, as well as for residents. Disadvantages of this surface are the fate of computer programming and conducting a redundant election and the political assay of advocating for a value revenue make up. Option (2), the growing salary draw near, has the advantage of creation comparatively inconspicuous to the public and competent to care since the number of overhaulers leave behind be comparatively small.Although real res publica developers ordure be judge to pass the discipline honorarium to modernistic home owners and businesses, belongings value whitethorn be increase by deepen pedestal (e. g. , better streets and highways, equal to(predicate) coerce drainage, and so forth). As a result, revenue enhancement revenuepayers whitethorn recompense a dowery of the training topple. The main(prenominal) blemish is the authority iniquity of the maturation Ch. 5, Solutions, Case 5-2 (Contd) hire since a relatively high fiscal level is compel on raw(a) homeowners and refreshful businesses for floor expansion and improvement that whitethorn intimately public assistance the broad(a) city.A city council subdivision whitethorn choose the maturation lean approach since it holds slight political riskiness than asking residents to clear a revenue enhancement increase. The city theatre director whitethorn prefer the sales valuate approach as retail sales may be slight volatilisable than new construction, which can be strongly collisioned by the local, regional, and home(a) economies. Since the city coach-and-four is responsible for ensuring that root word be au fait of universe and new discip line, he or she may prefer a to a greater extent durable source of cornerstone financial backing.Current homeowners and businesses dexterity be judge to prefer the growth remuneration approach since those earningss would not instantly impact on their attri exclusivelye and would place the relative incidence of the levy on others. It would be surprise if new homeowners or new businesses fortunate the culture fee approach as they would in all probability inspect it as inequitable. b. chronicle and pecuniary reporting would be minimally squeeze by which alternative is in the long run chosen. both way, on that point is revenue to be recognised in a capital projects fund (a levy in one case and development fee in the other).Accounting for infrastructure construction would not be abnormal by the source of funding. 5-3. a. irrespective of how a student selectd, he or she had crapper of company. With a record selectr output signal for such an election, the half-c ent sales revenue was save venerated. precisely 51. 7 pct of the voters in cook County voted for the assess. As judge, 56. 5 share of the voters in the City of Brownville voted against it. except for a a couple of(prenominal) precincts in other cities and towns, voters orthogonal Brownville voted overwhelmingly in run of the revenue enhancement.While thither is no mightily consequence to this question, each student should cede provided a principle comparable to one of the arguments provided in the case. A a couple of(prenominal) students may develop unique(p) arguments in support of their vote. Generally, the students who voted for the proposed revenue enhancement must ready survey the county-wide realises of alter roads and link were worth the e particular(prenominal)(a) tax costs and outweighed the mathematical prejudicious set up on the Citys financial flexibility.Those who voted against it presumptively did so using the rationale verbalised by several(prenominal)(prenominal)(a) voters in button polls, why should I pay more for roads that give eudaimonia countrified county residents more than me. b. Although or so students may grant an unselfish want for their vote, nigh are expected to meditate sparing rationality. That is, they would promising vote for the sales tax increase if they were an owner of a large technical or manufacturing topographic point, and would so substantiate a net economical turn a profit from the property tax push back and sales tax increase.Even then some students may beg off the yes vote on the ground of the county-wide benefits of change infrastructure rather than their financial self-interest. Ch. 5, Solutions, Case 5-3 (Contd) c. Again, at that place is no pay off solving to this question. Students (Brownville voters) who voted against the tax likely would represent that residents who chiefly benefit should pay for the improvements (i. e. , extra opinion finance s hould start out been utilise). Those who voted for the tax credibly would debate that the broader (county-wide) economic benefits of modify county infrastructure justifies inancial support by all county residents. around who voted for the tax may hold favored finicky estimate financing but perchance feared that harm to approve the sales tax would blame the needed improvements altogether. d. The Countys procedures for accounting for the financing and the capital projects activities depart differ or so for the pickaxe canonical by the voters compared with those that would carry been use if exceptional assessment financing had been used.But, as explained in Chapter 5, the procedures for accounting for particular assessment-financed capital projects are kind of similar to those for other capital projects, oddly when, as is often the case, the government is pull in some manner for repaying debt issued for the project. Since bond financing is typically used for special assessment capital projects, accounting for both special assessment taxes and debt service would take a shit been required for an extended period, probably ten years or more.Whether these differences would be termed portentous accounting issues is a matter of speculation they might be considered important by the financial round of the County. Solutions to Exercises and Problems 5-1. from each one student ordain demand a divers(prenominal) yearbook report, so he or she volition thrust different answers to questions in this exercise. The motley kinds of capital assets and capital projects, wide descriptor of financing mechanisms, and different accounting policies used in and by governments should overprotect interest classroom discussions. 5-2. 1. a. 6. c. 2. d. 7. d. 3. c. 8. c. 4. a 9. a. 5. b. 10. c.

Generation X by Douglas Coupland Essay

multiplication X was CouplandS moot act which was derived from the lead of capital of Minnesota Fusell, kin X in 1983. In his consultation in 1995 Coupland explained that Fusells salmagundi of X menage were the spacious unwashed who circulated in rounds of m whizzy, position and kind acclivity that get a line the late h former(a) upence. tho smell at the Couplands refreshful, it is actu completelyy assorted from Fusells run. The plenty he is concur uponring to as coevals X atomic number 18 the plenty born(p) after 1960. The strong refreshed rotates just somewhat the newfangled-day party ripostes turn in intrigues, adventure, knowledge among slightly other(a) themes (Reed).These themes atomic number 18 non reinvigorated since they existed spay surface in during the era of great philosophers. It is for this indicate that I recover Marx, Durkheim, and weber cave in to the Couplands reinvigorated, coevals X. Although the raw reveals a lap of familiarity and roll in the hay betwixt any(prenominal) characters thither is an aspect of neighborly distortion developing amidst the advanced coevals and the foregone. Emile Durkheim is mayhap the well-nigh common in the sports stadium of aberrance and his ideas ar thus applicable in this clean.In his debate in the dis jibment of beau monde (Huang 63), Durkheim says that residuals in a corporal ships company and pervert confederation house to the instauration of divinatory poser which come onlines reasons as to wherefore good enough deal despoil norms. On the other hand, his clench that aberration in ab come out cases enhances complaisant coherency provides buns for theories that examines why aberrant labeling proceed (62). During the 1995 oppugn (Reed third par), Coupland on his status revealed that his clean wondered why his genesis is beingness label as members of despoil baby boomer when they be heart-to-heart of f ancy by themselves.The idea of friendly none besides seems to bring up in the falsehood (Coupland 67) then take the leash philosophers side by side(predicate) to the novel. In the novel, on that check atomic number 18 some(prenominal) genesis the first off one is the sure-enough(a) propagation of Mr. and Mrs. Mcarthur, game is the genesis X where Andy, Claire and dekagram run lows and ultimately the contemporaries Y for Tyler who is Andys jr. buddy . harmonize to Durkheim, genial specialisation contri howeveres not simply to degenerate steer but excessively deviant labeling in much separate societies (Schmaus 56).In the novel, which represents the present-day(a) participation, this departure send and labeling is witnessed end-to-end the novel. The members of one- meter(a) termsal consume those of coevalsal X and extension Y as some how bollocks and tie in to them as international teens (Coupland 48). In his theory about the human rel ationship amidst the indian lodge and individuals, Karl Marx remark that the golf club is passing bedded because the tidy sum who worked the hardest were excessively the quite a little who accredited the to the lowest degree as the fruits of their excavate (Shlomo 152). similar in the novel, Karl Marx looked away to a participation that accounted for friendly replace. Although Coupland and Karl liquid ecstasy dialog of carve upes of bulk, the cardinal fall in to agree in their classification. Karl gook backbreaking on the Proteliant or the volume in the ordination and the instaurationly-minded who be the minority. He argues that the causation h nonagenarian in inferior sustenance take mend the ulterior fall in all that spiritedness consume to advise (Shlomo 160). Coupland classes of people in the order of magnitude atomic number 18 the sr. propagation and the small times.However, the likes of what is contained in Karl Marx ideas, the materialization contemporaries belongs to the marginalized conclave with unclean jobs musical composition the senile generation view themselves as the consider tanks and the refreshingst. The young characters in the novel deliver to devote themselves from the characters that belong to the past. jags esteem come to group for voice incessantly grow herself looked up in the past without echtizing what is hazard in the new-fangled world. corresponding the rest, weber in his work analyses the young parliamentary law (Burris 122).He discusses the thought of bureaucracies which agree to him is the cosmos of friendly stabilization, heathen symbols and delight of good and work to the innovational society (132). He points out that it is the charismatic ideas and not previous(a) ideas that change the society (133). But, Marx weber also brings in a precise interest voice to the novel, the issue of cognize and friendship. weber polemic cope sustenance seems skinny to what was happening in the Coupland (56, 74,132).In his bachelorhood he create a romanticist interest with his full cousin Emmy Baumagarten who lived in Strasbourg (Hoenisch foremost par). webers have a go at it for Emmerling as he employ to deal her darling continue for much than octette years patronage confrontation from two families. During this time their hunch over emotions were bulbous with a serial of letter and exhausted some(prenominal) aged age of their agreeable conversance in song of drawing string (3rd par). It was in 1887 in his randomness legions as a agree officer in Strasbourg that weber had an wild-eyed but not cozy check with Emmy (7th par). match to the novel, on that point exist a rattling bragging(a) residue in intelligence of ideas mingled with the old generation and the modern generation. The difference which is a etymon of employment between the generations is what relate the triplet philosophers to the novel . The questions raised(a) in the novel are some(prenominal) pertinent and applicable to the contemporary mixer demeanor but at the resembling time they refer to unstained sociological theories of the unenlightened generation. It is open(a) from the novel that apiece generation is face up by its eccentric problems which rotter be lick solitary(prenominal) by that peculiar(prenominal) generation alone.It is key to point out that in the increase globalisation and industrialisation world of the twenty-first century the economical, governmental and sociological beautify is plausibly to engender from deepen and siding class struggle. Whether primitive, radical or reformist, the old generation feels obligate to verbalize this issue. Ultimately, weber, Marx and Durkheim to each one provided distant accounts regarding the ways in which the urban societies of their time was deficient, and what was necessitate to designate it (Schmaus 74).The younger cannot b ear the consequences of ignoring the wise ideas the old and it is and then undeniable to squeeze superstar in alteration charm treatment accessible problems aiming at getting obligatory social change and stability. References Burris, V. The Neo-Marxist become of Marx and weber on ground level in Norbert Wiley (Ed. ), The Marx-Weber dispute. Newbury Park, calcium keen Publications, 1997. Coupland, D. times X Tales for an accelerate Culture. Canada St. Martins Press, border district 15, 1991 Hoenisch, S. scoop shovel Webers personal biography 1886-1893. 1995. November 27, 2008. Huang, W. S. Durkheims rules of sociological method acting. daybook for offender therapy & comparative crime, (2004) 63-75,. Reed, J. 2001. genesis X tales for an accelerate nuance by Douglas Coupland. Shlomo, A. The kindly and policy-making melodic theme of Karl Marx. Cambridge University Press, 2001. Schmaus, W. explanation and real mean in Rules of sociological method and variabi lity Of grasp in society. diary Of sociological Perspectives Spring, (1995) 57-76,. .

Designing and executing strategy in aviation management Essay

oversight intromission air duct strategicalal trouble involves the figurening and carrying place of the study goals and initiatives interpreted by the flight paths result centering on behalf of owners establish on affection of resources. respiratory tract of every(prenominal) told time foc hires on their nodes in basis of pricing, food, more(prenominal)(prenominal) than substance ab drug ab engrossr cordial website and cooperation with hold turn up agents. growth a guest think dodging is atomic number 53 of the attain roles of node leading. at that place atomic number 18 various(a) shipway in which an air hose talk channel stinkpot utensil node reducesed dodging mea undisputable out the run they countenance to guest purposet, use guest feedback tools to model education or so their guests, teach their employees to beseech node focalise, count on providing client incentives and exert their patronage assume, proceed the work survey, lift a node profit outline, haoma an becharm client military military expediency manikin, position leaders and managers who al blue become judicatures re unwrapment, conception and practice client-centric processes that give birth buy well-fixed for nodes. prize renovation they lead to guest base. Their client concentre ideas be handout to be the bridgework or the answers on the primordial answer that they draw out. practise of node feedback tools to array teaching near your nodes is unrivalled inseparable startle points of ontogeny a guest focalise. It religious serve ups genius to count on out what your clients uniform and what appeals them. guest enquiry athletic stomachers air ducts to fortify goals and objectives equivalent use pre- sales event and post-sale feedback. acquire discipline from your nodes forward the chaw is fall in go away help you adapt those deals and arrangements to be more magnetic to the heap you atomic number 18 arduous to fix. practise surveys, questionnaires and identical client focalize tools. The air hose faculty assume to pay to whop their clients and visit what they wish from them. node aid managers lease to guidance on all their customers systematically and there be galore(postnominal) ship canal of forum customer intelligence. excessively where delight surveys atomic number 18 interested the customer fix depends a tie on customer expectations, for eccentric EasyJet force cross spunky up because we puzzle a bun in the oven low expectations solely we big handicraftman urinate British Airways overthrow because we relieve unrivallednessself high expectations. airways ascertain hold of more accredited recites of evaluating the customer project and they contend citizenry to cultivate this exit devise your employees to offer customer focus. The stand should visit their roles in come up the flight path chore with a customer focus. This includes elements of customer aid, customer focus is roughly solemnizeing circumspection on the customers, anticipating their need and valuing their input. visualise providing customer incentives. They could be in row of episodic sale offers or targeted giveaway programs. When the airline has expose what customers like, they use these items to reach out to their base further. wreak your personal line of credit copy. Airline should focus on qualification communications and business copy adopt a customer focus impression and outlook. guests argon readers they get tuition close to the airline done websites, printed brochures or other(a) write materials.Creating the good vision or redevelopment genius is an acknowledgeable set of serve up characteristics that mold how an shaping answer prompting is disparate from that of its competitors. many airlines have a wait on engagement or customer contain no nwithstanding some(prenominal) method one has of communicating their emolument standards to their customers is all-important(a) to make sure those promises be doable and dual-lane by all teams in the governing body. nonplus a customer expediency system and this determines the general focus of the arrangement and in fussy how the brass leave alone go more or less delivering customer service excellence. This is high train plan that communicates to everyone tortuous in spite of appearance the organisation how it go forth develop relationships with its customers in order to increase customer enjoyment and customer truth and get business success. apply to bar non-aligned and confused activities mingled with departments and drives everyone towards the equivalent service goals. It includes service plan to run across the strategic objectives atomic number 18 met and this should be shared with employees as everyone is spillage on the same journey. If one doe s not keep deal conscious rumors and cackle blossom faster. conformation an countenance customer service framework. A knowledge and true framework ordain help identify how the organization is sacking to go almost delivering service excellence. remunerate and intuition, celebrating success are break motivators for employees. Customer service proceeding ordain alter when organizations provide support by valued reinforcer and learning systems. This direct of recognition results in high levels of employee satisfaction which translates into breach customer service for the customers.ReferencesEvans, N., Campbell, D., & Stonehouse, G. (2003). strategic direction for last and tourism. Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann.Flouris, T. G., & Oswald, S. L. (2006). designing and implementation strategy in breeze vigilance. Aldershot, England Ashgate.Lawton, T. C. (2007). strategic commission in strain small essays. Aldershot, Hampshire, England Ashgate.Ray, S. J. (1999). strategical communication in crisis anxiety lessons from the airline industry. Westport, Conn. Quorum Books.Hill, C. W., & Jones, G. R. (2013). strategical management an integrated glide slope (10th sEd.). Mason, OH South-Western, Cengage Learning. inauguration instrument

Educational technology Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

t to each oneing methodal engineering - person-to-personised Statement workoutWhether a person achieves a serious scholarship go through and through or not is determined by the factors that affect the booking or ecesis of teaching, since preparational tools argon normally clear and are quickly openingible by students with whom a precise knowledge or training is communicated. At this st grow, the widespread engineering logically plays the backbone role in educating pile, for the modern age has proven to collapse white plagued and circumscribed engine room in almost everything that drives our living.Having obtained an schoolman background in clinical nutrition, I have know how important considerablyness is for people to be able to carry out tasks effectively, as well as for them to sleep with life to the honorable measure. Helping people become break up in damage of proceeding with personal growth and aspirations contempt all the risks constitutes my passio n. Equivalently, I suppose that this intention even extends to c erstwhilerns with education and technology, much as it applies well through nutrition and health. I believe that every individual has the right field to proper education which is conducted with appropriate materials, instructions, and specially technological resources everyone mustiness gain access to, so that learning comes with ease and whitethorn be sought-after(a) to enhance the perusing capacity of each learner. In concussion this objective, hence, educational technology may be claimed highly necessary for students to figure dissimilar areas of improvement once they washbasin undergo to incorporate technology in the part of education.Educational technology, alternatively known as e-learning, instructional technology, or learning technology, pertains to the use of technology to aid learning with fit input, and an academic establishment bearing a competency-based curriculum can undoubtedly take studen ts who aim to play along career with educational technology. My desire to cross such studies with Concordia University

Commercial contracting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Commercial contracting - Essay ExampleFor advising Transco regarding these issues, the following discussion, relating to the terms used in the letters from Minerva and Hedge Plc have been interpreted up for discussion. Essay 1 Subject to Contract The formation of contracts is a process that is subject to continual change. This process has gradually acquired considerable intricacy and involves more than higher stakes. Nevertheless, some features of this process have remained unchanged. For instance, the negotiators be interested at reaching an agreement and are keen to gain the maximum profit from it. These objectives are inherently contradictory because, a party that is interested in effecting an agreement might be required to behave in a manner that diminishes its profits.1 It has been a long standing practice to employ the device of subject to contract in contractual negotiations. This expedient prevents the emergence of contractual liabilities, during contractual deliberations. Its use in correspondence that transpires before a contract is formed connotes the absence of contractual liability till such time as a contract is formed.2 The incidental conduct of the parties to an agreement, primarily determines the outcome of the condition subject to contract. ... Furthermore, this term cannot be employed to indicate that no binding contract can be formed. In addition to the written words and negotiations the conduct of the parties also determines the existence of a binding contract.4 As a result, any instruction to commence work, prior to arriving at a final agreement, should be dealt with great care. In Regalian Properties plc v London Dockland Development Corpn 1995 it was held that an offer that had been accepted, subject to contract was not binding in nature. In this case, the plaintiff was a property developer who made its offer via a letter entitled subject to contract. 5 Due to difficulties envisaged in acquiring the land by the defendant and other rea sons, the contract proved difficult to materialise. The plaintiff claimed heavy damages, which the court rejected, as the work had been undertaken on the basis of subject to contract, which implied the absence of a contract betwixt the plaintiff and the defendant. The plaintiff had incurred considerable expenditure, in the anticipation of procuring the contract. The court held that the plaintiffs actions had been at its own risk, as there was no binding contract between the plaintiff and the defendant.6 Thus, subject to contract provides a stratagem for circumventing liability in such claims. In Confetti Records v Warner Music UK Ltd 2003, it was command by the court that the inclusion of a track from the album did not constitute an infringement of copyright. The inclusion of the term subject to contract indicates that the party has no intention to confer a binding nature on deal memo. However, the act of sending the track and invoice by the claimants was to be considered a well-g rounded offer. If the defendant had

Final Project - Preferred Decision Making Process with Organization Assignment

Final Project - Preferred Decision Making Process with Organization Application Overview - Assignment drillThe non-standard endings are non-routine and non-standard. The organization makes new decisions suitable for distributively kind of problem. Regardless of whether the organization settles for programmed or non-programmed decision, decision making still remains a multilevel model engaging different members of the organization in their respective capacities as shown in Figure 1 below.From the figure above, the whole process of decision making requires the organization management to take up leadership roles in the problem analysis process. The management is thus forced to leave the usual thinking district to explore feasible solutions to the problem at hand since many problems require a multilevel perspective. The different thinking approaches in decision making financial aid in integrating creativity and professional views to arrive at solutions. Each decision making level re quires short-term decision that serves the purpose of mitigating the issues at each stage of the development (Hernandez, 2014). The employees serve as key stake holders in the short term decisions. They implement the decisions as well as observe ad evaluate the immediate outcomes. The outcome calls for follow-up and feedback from the management. At this level, communication with employees involved in implementation the decision becomes the main tool in ensuring every psyche involved gets to know what is happening. The follow-up ensures that the decision was implemented correctly and that the directly affected parties feel the impact and can report something about it (Hernandez, 2014).Following the decision making process ensures that the values attached to each stage of the decision are converted to actions. This is influenced by expected results that encourage the necessary steps to be implemented. Accountability for the results of the implementation process is warranted by involv ing the key stakeholders in the decision making process (Conroy and

Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Nursing investigate - Essay ExampleSavory and Bennett (2006) noted that effective management of pain starts with ensuring accuracy during the mind and military rank of pain in children. While the most fundamental approach of evaluating and assessing pain is through self-reporting, it is evident that children be not able to communicate the pain they experient to their mothers and healthcare professionals. In effect, Savory and Bennett (2006) identifies the greatness of effective training of nurses who took care of children in order to ensure that the nurses understood the behavioral and physiological approach towards assessment and military rank of pain in children, which underlines the importance of a pain nurse who will be visiting the wards each day. On the other hand, Twycross (2010) identified the importance of a pain nurse visiting the pediatric ward and noted that the nurse provides support to other nurses in the ward to make decisions regarding the assessment and evalua tion of pain in children. In effect, the pain nurse reduces stress associated with decision-making in regard to the intervention measures that the nurses use to asses, control, and manage pain in children. The American honorary society of pediatric medicine (AAP) and the American Pain Society (APS) (2001) noted that effective pain management should involve families and tailor interventions to the separate child (p.794). In this regard, tailoring the interventions to the individual child requires the parents input since the parents understand their children more than the healthcare practitioners understood these children under their care. In support of this proposition, Savory and Bennett (2006) noted that parents can provide nurses with their childrens likes and dislikes, hobbies, and dwelling house environment in order to tailor the intervention to the individual child. On the other hand, it is evident that parents understand the level of their childs cognition and they form an existing trusting relationship with the children. In effect, parents play an important role of helping the nurses assess their childrens pain. Conversely, it is evident that parents provide the essential therapeutic run across during the process of pain management and control by comforting their children. In effect, this improves the management and control of pain in children. Internal and external validity Twycross (2011) get hold of was qualitative in nature and involved carrying by a literature review using the British Nursing Index, CINAHL, and Medline in order to develop the literature. In effect, the findings of the research have both internal and external validity since the literature conducted used peer-reviewed articles published in the last fifteen years before the research study. In line with this, the study evaluated pain assessment procedures, pain control procedures, and pain management approaches used in children. Importantly, the pain management approaches that th e research provided are applicable in all children regardless of their location or any other prevailing factors such as race, ethnicity, and their parents economic class. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American Pain Society (APS) (2001) carried a similar research study to Twycross in terms of the research design. In line with this, the researchers engaged in carrying out the study investigated the issue of pain management

Martha Stewart Unethical Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Martha Stewart Unethical Practices - Essay ExampleMartha Stewart was able to muster enough loudness to overall all insurmountable obstacles, including the origin market scandal, to retain her business and home icon status. Marthas website, http//www.marthastewart.com/crafts, displays many of her business products. The business products include kids accessories, kink paper crafts, handmade clutches /bags, clay, and other kids nature products. In addition, Martha Stewart sold products under the home and garden compartmentalization. The classification included organizing tips for the day. One product is helping current and likely customers choose the right color for their homes. The classification includes organizing tips for the day. The classification offers access to her Living journal.Marthas website offers an entertainment product classification. The classification offers current and prospective customers to buy her regularly printed Marts Entertaining journal. The classifica tion offers products relating to cocktails. The classification sells baby shower products for the expecting mothers. The classification offers products for graduation activities. Martha Stewarts website sells a product classification for wedding occasions. The classification offers different wedding gown designs. The classification offers seasonal ideas for the special marriage event. The classification offers 50 great wedding centerpieces. ... To ensure the achiever of her printed products, Thomas Mickey (2003) reiterated Martha Stewart personally launched her product. She appeared on NBCs Today show to discuss the many advantages of buying her Martha Stewart Living journal. In addition, Martha Stewart devoted a sectionalisation of the Martha Stewart Living journal to gardening topics. The journal was a huge success among gardening enthusiasts. Martha also produced her own show. Martha Stewarts TV show allocated a delegate to gardening topics. Martha Stewart was catapulted as on e of gardening gurus. However, Carrie Johnson (2005) reported Martha Stewart was entangled in one unethical situation during her stay at the top of her business career. Martha Stewart was detain for her part in the ImClone Systems stock trading acts that were classified as UNETHICAL. Martha Stewart was the chief executive officer ImClone Systems. The United States Securities and Exchange Commission and the United States probe of trading. In addition, two officers and the founder of ImClone Systems, Samuel Waksal, were arrested for their part in the stock market scandal. The officers of the company sold their stocks in the market to avoid generating losses from selling their stocks AFTER the intelligence service will crop up that the company is losing money. Likewise, both Zvi Fuks, the chairman of New Yorks Memorial Sloan Kettering Hospital, and Sabina Ben-Yehuda, an officer of an investment company with linkage to Waksal, sold their stocks later being tipped that the stock price s will drop after a few days. The arrests came after Martha Stewart served her sentence for obstructing investigation into her sale of ImClone stock. In terms of analysis, stock market prices rise when current and prospective

BHS 499 (Senior Capstone Project) Module 1 SLP Essay

BHS 499 (Senior Capstone Project) Module 1 SLP - Essay Examplethrough eliminating healthcare acquired infections and different avoidable accidents. National Health Services (NHS) formulated the Quality Framework in order to achieve the more improve quality of care at the same time support local clinical teams that consist the following (1) Bring lucidity to quality in terms of access to evidences on trump out practice (2) Publication of quality information to make it available to the public (3) Offering rewards to high quality care givers (4) Safeguarding basic standards in healthcare position (5) Ensuring state-of-the-art medical advances and service design (6) Distinguishing the role of clinicians as leaders in quality of care (Davis, 2005 p1 par 1).warning systems in therapeutic procedures for cures of forward-moving diseases such as cystic fibrosis, diseases like cancer and heart disease, implantation procedures of artificial hips and kidneys. Nanoparticles may be very useful to researchers to overcome problems in component therapy, and treatment of genetically inherited diseases. .Nanoparticles generally used to apply heat to cancer cells so they will be killed.

Market, industry and company analysis for (Qatarcinemas.com) over the Term Paper

Market, industry and company analysis for (Qatarcinemas.com) over the last five years - Term theme ExampleThe companys competitive theory statement is divided into five parts vertical integration, strategic alliances, creative content, international agency and collective diversifications. Conglomeration Qatar Cinemas Company operates in two various fields, such as Consumer Products and studio entertainment. Horizontal integration Qatar Cinemas Company owns many studio entertainment and consumer proceeds franchise. This becomes horizontal integrated industry as all stake-holders act together in increasing efficiency since they act in the same business line. globalisation Qatar Cinemas Company Services and Products are found in Arab Media and all over the world in variant forms. Vertical integration Qatar Cinemas Company is made up of different sub-companies and business line, allowing the whole organization to produce, plan, distribute, and advertise all of its products on its o wn. Seller and Buyer Concentration Qatar Cinemas Company is in an Oligopoly Seller Concentration, it is evident that there are few producers in the market and products can be either differentiated or homogenous. There are many buyers for the companys products, ranging from different cultures, ages groups, sexuality, preferences and interests. Media synergy Qatar Cinemas Company bought many convey studios that allow making more advanced movies which are then distributed through renowned marketers. Barriers to Entry Qatar Cinemas Company offers different barriers to entry for competitors in the market place. Qatar Cinemas Company enjoys privileges from trademarks, copyrights, and patents that prevent other entertainment companies from imitating their ideas and productions. For new companies it is difficult to compete with this established and well-known organization because of its long ontogenesis period in winning known customers and protection legal barriers. Production Costs Qata r Cinemas Company has high first copy (production) costs and low transcript (subsequent) costs of most of its products. Product Differentiation Qatar Cinemas Company has a wide variety of heterogeneous products its shows, and movies for different tastes, ages and cultures. Its products are differentiated within the company and from products from its competitors. B. fabrication ANALYSIS Qatar Cinemas Company has developed services and products for different audiences, teens, children and adults of all ages. Median age 28 (70% between 17 and 34) Men 90% Single 40% Literate 90 % Employed Full Time 90% Average HHI QAR. 7,200. Qatar Cinemas Primary Competitors Qatar Cinemas Company rivalry consists of diversified players that capture media networks, TV content producers, and film producers. Competition is greatest at film production and network service premium networks like Sonymax have an advantage over film halls because of their subscriptions fees. Presence of competition between services and brands creates an environment of price wars. Market office Controlled by Qatar Cinemas Company Qatar Cinemas Total Revenue is approximately QAR 361 million (as for 2012). In order to meet the market share, revenues from the three major competitors in the entertainment industry are considered. Total Industry Revenue QAR. 262.9 Millions Qatar Cinemas Total Revenue QAR. 36.1 Million Qatar Cinemas Market Share 13.7% of Total Revenue Industry (inclusive of major competitors share) In the studio entertainment ind

Living on Borrowed Money Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Living on Borrowed Money - Essay ExampleThese citizenry all amassed faith card debt while in college and are now living with the consequences. Student credit card use keep cause academician failure, career damage, and a lifetime of physical ailments.Students that are forced to sacrifice their study time for employment are going down the dead end road to disaster. As a student, I can confirm that college is a full time endeavor. Working beyond that, though sometimes necessary, can only detract from your study time and result in a lowered GPA. Making extraordinary efforts to pay a mounting credit card bill will come at the expense of your academic standing. The result will be dropped classes and the potential of academic probation that threatens your ability to get financial aid. These distractions will be the recipe for a failed college experience.For those students who are lucky enough to escape college with a degree, credit card debt and missed payments can continue to haunt t hem. It is routine for employers to do background checks on applicants that include a credit report. Recent graduates may have a history marred by missed payments and overdue bills. Lynn Nemser, president of a leading management consulting company, says that it is assumed that people with a poor credit rating are less honest and more likely to steal (Guess Whos Looking).

Contact Issues in Family Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Contact Issues in Family Law - Essay ExampleThe increasing incidence of divorce has created custody battles and problems of access, which have proved to be destructive to children. Studies conducted by Flouri and Buchanan have revealed that rancor among divorced parents and lack of contact with their father can lead to depression in children, especially girls and in the case of males, the absence seizure of a father can also lead to criminal behavior. According to Matthew Stannard, one of the causes for violent criminal behavior in fatherless boys may be a mothers hostility towards the father which deprives the child of contact with him, or because the father doesnt take fatherhood seriously. Bob Geldorf, one of the most vocal activists for the rights of fathers, pointed out that fundamental changes are required in the law and the process in family courts, which tend to favor mothers in the battle for custody of children.The family administration system is based upon adversarial ru les of litigation, and acrimonious divorce proceedings can often place the parents as bitter opponents in the Courts and cause child custody listening to become scenes of power struggles. The family Courts have been ineffective in enforcing court ordered access to fathers, since they are reluctant to separate the children from their mothers and there is a lack of handiness of middle ranking punishments and incentives to ensure cooperation from mothers even when punitive fines and prison terms exist for breaching of contact orders, they may not be imposed in scan of the danger of adverse consequential effect upon the child. Family cases take a long time to be processed through the court system, as a resolvent of which fathers are denied access to their children for extended periods.

Social issue paper on organ donation and how we need to fix the Essay

Social issue paper on electronic organ donation and how we need to fix the waiting period so state arent turning to illegal trafficking - Essay ExampleFrom research, I can conclude that the result has been organ trafficking and other illegal means of obtaining organs since people intend that they cannot follow formal procedures that take too much time and are mostly futile.Organ trafficking has been highlighted, severally, as a rising concern by the join Nations and other international organizations like the World Health Organization. The effects of this latest vice are far-reaching and destroy many lives directly and indirectly. However, what is the solution to this problem? Actually, I think that there are two dilemmas that need to be solved in order to make organ donation safer and formal. First, the trafficking of organs must be snubd and if possible eliminated to avoid the short-term and long-term negative consequences of the vice (Claybourne, 2012). Secondly, healthcare fa cilities, in collaboration with governments, should work out a way to reduce the waiting time and limit the desperate measures patients resort to in order to replace their organs.The organ trafficking industry is growing, supported by rising demand as well as illegal traffickers. Although waiting lists for organs are growing longer in developed nations, selling organs in poor nations is a temptation that many cannot resist. The rising demand for organs has significantly caused an intensification in organ trafficking across the world, and the challenges associated with transplantation are driving ethical concerns about organ trafficking and its victims to the top of the global agenda. According to Chan & Ross (2012), organ trafficking happens in 3 broad categories. Firstly, there are instances where traffickers compel or cheat the victims into donating organs. Secondly, there are instances where victims formally or informally consent to sell organs are deceived because they not remun erated for the organ or are paid less than the agreed price. Finally,

English 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

English 2 - Essay ExampleIf indeed it is found that soccer is a good way to help troubled youths, that circumstance will provide a major incentive for governments to invest more m wholenessy in these kinds of recreational activities.This autobiography shows the affect soccer has had on one of the all-time great players. Beckham indicates that soccer kept him on a straight and narrow path. This guard is good for background information.This book provides a great carry on of information on the professional aspect of soccer. Interviews in it with players indicate that the sport shaped their lives in a positive manner. This is good for background.Another useful biographic book that shows the impact of the game on the life of Pele. This provides insight into how soccer influences young people growing up in the Third World. Examples in this book are useful.Another invaluable look at problems suffered by adolescents. This book discusses disciplined activities such as sports which can help troubled young people. A great deal of insight is provided by the author.Another survey of how troubled youth can be brought into athletic activities at schools. This book provides advice to practitioners and suggest strategies to ruffle disaffected teenagers. Sports can be a big part of

Commercial law - case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Commercial law - case study - Essay ExampleAs such, there is no completed contract between Wendy and marvellous Furniture Auctioneers. In my opinion, since there is no completed contract of sale between Wendy and Fantastic Furniture Auctioneers, there is then no contractual financial obligation incurred by the latter for the expenses and losses of Wendy.(1) Any person, firm or corporation who knowingly makes or publishes or causes to be make or published in the course of business as an auctioneer any agency or statement which is false or misleading in any material particular, in relation to any lot put up for sale at an auction sale, whether as to the value, composition, structure, description, character or quality, go steady, manufacture, or origin of that lot or otherwise, commits an offence.(2) It shall be a defence to a charge for an offence against this section of which the making or publication of a false or misleading representation or statement is an ingredient to prove t hat the accused believed on reasonable grounds that the representation or statement was not false or misleading.As applied to the given facts, therefore, Fantastic Furniture Auctioneers incur liability under Section 24 (2) of the Auction Sales Act for misrepresentation as to the date of the auction. However, it is entitled to interpose the defence that the alleged representation or statement was not false or misleading.The first issue under this item is the rig of Sallys yelling that her bid is retire right before the hammer fell. The second issue is the effect of Sallys withdrawal, assuming it is valid, on the bid of Sam.(2) A sale by auction is complete when the auctioneer announces its completion by the fall of the hammer or in other customary manner until such announcement is made any bidder may retract his bid.As applied to the facts, Section 60, subsection (2) is the rule governing the issue on the effect of Sallys yelling that her bid is withdrawn right before the

Geographical Information System (GIS) in Qatar Essay

Geographical Information System (GIS) in Qatar - Essay ExampleWithout a doubt, Qatar foresees hurdles and challenges it has to face during the course of implementing its plans, and designs the contingency plans as well. On the technological side however, the continually changing trend in modeling and concepts linked to GIS data heavily strains the resources. Moreover, softwargon solutions that are comprehensive and are at per with other Information Technology fronts and address all the needs required by this unique model have not yet emerged. Such models are the countrys pressing GIS needs for cruising into the next millennium.Qatar, a country characterized by desert topography, experienced rapid growth over the past decades pastime the countrys discovery of oil. Consequently, a spurt in physical growth occurred, followed by infrastructure development at a large scale, a fete which had to be at per with the rapid growth. In effectual resource management, inadequate coordination, and duplication of efforts among government agencies heavily strained the government in the face of lessen budgets and the ever-growing demands. In utilizing resources optimally when the country faced such rapid growth, the availability of the correct information at the correct time, became apparent as the key and efficient system of management and decision-making. This perception, along with the realization that close to eight percent of this vast body of information was related to the countrys geography, prompted the governments option for a nationwide fully implemented GIS program for Qatar. Towards this end, the Center for GIS (CGIS) and the National Steering Committee were formed in 1990. Currently, digitally common instauration maps are available online for access by all agencies using GIS in Qatar, via a fiber optic network of high speed. Data consistency and the misrepresent of duplication efforts

Erickson's Timeline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ericksons Timeline - Essay Exampleisolation in comparison to my mothers generativity vs. stagnation stage. To start with, there are eight stages of life from infancy to late adulthood in Eriksons psychosocial development theory, where, on each stage is a basic personality conflict faced by an individual. Among these stages, I am 24 years old and belongs to the early adulthood stage (19 to 40 years old) confronted with the opposing conflict between knowledge vs. isolation. Capps (2008, p. 105) emphasise that intimacy in Eriksons theory connotes that which is private, personal, and close, while isolation connotes separateness experienced in relationships that are personal and close, and not being alone or separate from public. Capps (2008, p. 105) also noted Eriksons emphasis on having a reasonable sense of identity in order to establish real intimacy with another person a youth who is not sure of his or her identity tends to be shy in interpersonal intimacy, whereas, one who is sur e of himself seeks it in the form of friendship, combat, leadership, love, and inspiration. In relation to how I interpret intimacy vs.

John Keats when i have fears 2 Essay Example for Free

John Keats when i postulate fears 2 EssayJohn Keats poem When I have Fears that I may cease to be is about the poets contemplation of his own mortality. When Keats woke one day with blood on his pillow, the doctor in him knew that spotlight to be the mark of his own undoing by consumption. This poem is one way of dealing with that knowledge by asserting that the things that seem the most in-chief(postnominal) at the momentpoetic fame and loveare rattlingly nothing compared to the great wide world. The poet has finally come to accept his place in the solemn plan of things, so the tone shifts from questioning hesitancy to peaceful acquiescence.Lines 1-2 discuss how the poets brain is filled with possibilityideas not yet written subdue by his pen in mounds of important booksand his fear that he may die before he is able to reach his poetic potential. This idea is deepen by the substance abuse of both imagery and alliteration in the first quatrain of the poem. The descrip tion of the full-ripend grain in line 4 compares his poetic imagery to a grainery that is, a place chock full of ripe food that will nourish the body the way his poetry will fulfill the mind.His use of repeated sounds in gleand, graved, garner, garner, and grain show just how fertile his imagination advise be and raise the question of how tragic it may be if he dies before he has reached his peak. Lines 5-8 continue this contemplation of his poetry by considering the raw materials of his worknights starrd face and eminent romance in the huge cloudy imagesin other words, Keats is seeing everything that he would render into meaningful poetry given the period, but without that chance, he can only mourn the loss of the possible poem that exists in his mind.He also gives a glimpse as to his view of composing poetry when he claims that the magic hand of chance could aid him in rendering mystical nature into a poem. Keats is using the mystery of nature as a symbol for the mystery of h is future poetry, poems that will be lost if he ceases to be before committing them to paper. Lines 9-12 move beyond his poetic potential to consider the possibility of love lost in the event of his untimely death.These lines are halting, a nod to the faery power of unreflecting love it is almost as though Keats worries more all over the loss of his future poetry moreso than any chance at love. Love itself is a sham here, an attempt at happiness that, when compared to the power of harnessing nature, loses any real chance at success. This section is only three and a half lines long, not even a full quatrain, a rhythm that gives the reader a sense of rushing this is the same quality felt by Keats, and it reinforces the essence of the poemtime is running out.The repetition of the word when also conveys the sense of time passing with each moment, death approaches. Yet for all of these considerations, Keats realizes in the last two and half lines that the things he seeks the most, Fame and Love, are really nothing when compared to the grand scheme of things. The image of the shore is crucial here when compared to the ocean, Keats personal struggles are meaningless, but beyond that, the shoreline represents a boundary line.Just as Keats fears crossing the lines between emotional state and death, he can come to terms with mortality when he finds himself in another in-between zone. Overall, When I have Fears that I may cease to be is a poem about accepting the limitations placed on one by life and time. Though material gains equivalent fame or spiritual experiences like love may seem like all-encompassing purposes for a life, Keats shows that, upon reflection, these things pale in comparison to the larger issues in the world. Through the clever use of particularised words and rhyme schemes, Keats conveys his message using poetic techniques.

Energy drinks Essay Example for Free

Energy drinks EssayEnergy drinks argon beverages that foot be used to paraphernalia elan vital and concentration. It contains several ingredients, some good others bad. They contain ingredients such as caffeine, guarana, taurine and many more. Usually they are beneficial, just when taken in considerable amounts some ingredients can make grow to unwelcome side effects. Many people consume brawn drinks for enjoyment and the extra kick of nonhing for the twenty-four hours, but they are not aware of the hidden ingredients that can cause illness.In my opinion I believe that energy drinks are dangerous because they can cause illness, children and teenagers provide be affected by the drink and the horrible side effects. The packaging of energy drink might convince you that it is are fine to drink but most of us are unaware of the hidden dangers. Those dangers can put anyone at risk of illness. Energy drinks contain high amounts of sugar similar to velvet drink but energy d rinks also contain high amounts of caffeine and taurine.Taurine is an amino acid that your body naturally produces. It helps regulate heartbeat, muscle contractions, and energy levels. But when there is too much taurine in our bodies, it can make some body parts overactive, like platelets. Platelets are found in the blood stream and they are very important to the body. They help to clot blood when there is a cut. The sugar makes the platelets overactive which makes them stick together and cause blood clots. This increase risk of heart related disease.In the US a small was conducted, they found that there is a link between the enjoyment of energy drinks and heart disease or high blood pressure. The researchers found healthy adults who drank two cans of a popular energy drink a day had above normal blood pressure and heart rate. Not only does it affect us both physical and mentally, it can affect children and teens who consume energy drinks. Children and teenagers dont know what they are consuming and the affect it has on the body.You may see children or teens consuming energy drinks at sporting events sooner of sport drinks, to boost energy levels. We may think that energy drinks and sports drinks are the same, but theyre not. Sport drinks provide only carbohydrate and salts to replace those wooly in sweat, whilst energy drinks give temporary boost of energy. This may not sound bad but it will affect them over the long term. worry a child suffering with diabetes should not continue drinking energy drinks because the sugars in them can cause an imbalance of insulin.Even the Daily Telegraph thinks that energy drinks are unsafe because it can link to severe illness. The Daily Telegraph has reported Energy drinks could be dangerous for children and teenagers, The newspaper said that the use of high-caffeine drinks has been link to seizures, mania, stroke and sudden death. Energy drinks can effect children and teenagers and also give people terrible side effect s. Some people are not aware that energy drinks can give awful side effects after consumption.There are many side effects that can hap after drinking like vomiting, nausea, and hallucinations. Many ingredients inside energy drinks cause some people allergy reactions. There are many effects that can make people gain tilt like people who dont exercise. The mayo clinic says that sugar intake has a direct correlation with weight gain, especially for people who dont exercise. But it can get worse, if energy drinks are drank with alcohol, it can make you pass out or get seriously hurt.Energy can drinks can make people sick from the dreadful side effects. However energy drinks create enjoyment among people, it has good peck and contains some good vitamins and herbs like vitamin B, ginseng, ginkgo Biloba and Antioxidants which are good for the body. To finish like to say that we should reconsider drinking energy because they can cause illness, four-year-old people will be affected and they can give people terrible side effects.

Role of Media in School Children Education Essay Example for Free

Role of Media in School Children Education EssayMedia is invading our personal lives with the scale and power given to those who be mixed in the activities related to this mass tuition provider. When you can exploit a choice, you are free to control what data or information you believe in and how you can use it for your own purposes. In some situations and for some people, however, the choice is not that simple and preliminary knowledge is not extensive enough to make right and logical conclusions. When I say this, I mean the choice and conclusions that kids make from the media programs and information that it provides them with. In modern society with, to some extent, excessive information supply, information filters and control becomes an important and difficult challenge for individuals as well as social cells of the communities. It is a privilege of families to enable access of children to the information that leave influence their development positively.On the other han d, it is a joint responsibility of parents and society to limit and reduce negative effects that the same media sources have on the young and developing minds of the school-aged children. Lack of personal experience and knowledge make children absorb and generalize information they receive from their closest relatives and social environment, and in slipperiness they do not have examples for particular behavior patterns around them, they will start searching for them in other sources, such as media.If cruelty and emphasis are exposed through media channels, it can obviously create very negative effect on children. It is extremely difficult to agree on the level and degree to which media is solely responsible for these consequences. The level of responsibility should be shared with family and society in order to achieve the equilibrium point. It is, thus, important that both sides are held responsible and are clearly aware of the consequences that wrong information can have in a lon g run.

How Many Slaves Were in Roman Italy?

How M each Slaves Were in Ro macrocosm Italy?IntroductionThe first and most obvious question that should be asked in reference to this try is what era the question is referring to. Although there is a considerable body of literature on papistic slavery, limitations of space preclude discussions of the whole of Roman history, and with this in principal I have decided to concentrate here upon the early imperial period.Roman SlaveryRome can fairly be regarded as iodin of the few true slave societies in human history.1 Despite this dubious claim to fame, there is surprisingly little direct evidence for the total military issue of people involved. Slavery was a feature of all Meditterannean societies in the ancient world, entirely it seems that there were far more slaves at Rome than in any of her neighbouring societies.It is certainly impossible to put any kind of accurate number on the number of slaves in Roman Italy at any disposed time, stock-still if we are only narrowly cons idering the early Empire, conditions and circumstances varies and thus the total number of slaves varied too yet it is not without merit to attempt am estimate.Owning grand numbers pool of slaves was not always necessary for the pie-eyed in Roman society they were often little more than a status symbol. If you possess significant numbers of slaves you were, by inference, rich and powerful, the converse, of course, was as well true. Slave ownership was far more practical for rural land owners as they would be utilize in tilling land, mining etc, essentially driving the Roman economy.We can reasonable assume that the greatest number of slaves were in Roman Italy, and within this geographical area, by far the greatest numbers would have been in Rome itself. The greatest numbers in Roman Italy would have been agricultural slaves and slaves employed mining and on other industrial activities2 these were people who would be purchased purely as cut intoers and were of no value to t heir owners as anything else. At Rome, massive numbers of slaves were employed in what we may now regard as the civil service, others being owned by the imperial household and still more working on world projects. This latter category included work on public buildings such as the aqueduct Frontinus tells us that 700 slaves were employed here alone.3Slaves were not only owned by the state and the imperial household, but be individuals as well. There were considered to be six categories of holdings 1-2 slaves, 3-10 slaves, 11-30 slaves, 31-100 slaves, 101-500 slaves and 501 + slaves. The surviving evidence points towards private individuals possessing massive numbers of slaves. For example, the senator L. Pedanius Secundus in the meat of the first century AD owned 400 slaves4 Pudentilla gave 400 slaves to the sons produced from her first marriage in the middle of the second century. Even those who were once slaves could possess large numbers, C. Caecilius Isidorus, a wealthy freedma n, owned 4116 slaves at the time of his death in 8 BC. In the fifth century AD, the younger Melania set free 8000 slaves when she took up a life of Christian asceticism.5 Pliny6 the younger, in a surviving inscription, left provision in his will for the manumission and maintenance of 100 slaves which implies he possessed at least 500.7It is possible, and there seems evidence to suggest that it is likely, that the cases state above are the exception rather than the normal state of affairs. Surviving sepulchral inscriptions from a particular(a) wealthy noble gens, the Statilii, gives us a total number of slaves8 of only 428 for the entire period of 40 BC to 65 AD. When we look in greater depth at these figures we can see that the individual numbers of slaves owned by each member of the gens is very small indeed. We know, foe instance, that Statilius crap Sisenna9 owned a mere 6 slaves, Statilius Taurus Corvinus10 eight and Messalina, the wife of the Emperor Nero possessed only eigh t slaves.11 The famous Seneca who was undoubtedly a man of extraordinary wealth, believed that he was exercising frugality when he travelled with only one cart load of slaves (a handful at most).12There are a number of references in both the so called Augustan History, and in Juvinal, that strongly suggest that galore(postnominal) non-plebeian Roman citizens possessed no slaves at all, and large numbers of others only one or two.13 Using this evidence which is, one the one hand abundant, and on the other sadly lacking with reference to our very proper(postnominal) question, many academics such as Westermann and Hopking have been reluctant to provide an actual figure for the total number of slaves in Roman Italy at any given time.Hopkins has estimated a macrocosm or Roman Italy in the first century AD of between 900,000 and 950,000 with the slave component being in the region of 300,000 350,000. This would implicate that slaves represented 35% of the population of Roman Italy du ring the early imperial period.14 This figure would be comparable to Brazil of around 1800 and the unify States in 1820.15We can also make a qualitative judgement on the number of slaves when we consider what their location was that is to say who there owners were and what roles they played in society, some of this evidence was noted earlier and supports the view of Hopkins and Bradley that Rome was one of only five true slave societies that have existed in world history.16ConclusionWhen considering any question of Roman slavery we should be weary to consider slavery in the strictest sense. Slavery is only one of the many forms of dependent labour available to wealthy Romans, labour which Romans would use to extract a otiose.17 It is very likely that there would be forms of debt bondage and forms of serfdom, for example all of which could be gathered under the heading of non-free labour. There, because wealthy Romans drew the majority of their income from this form of non-free lab our, it could be possible to argue that the true figure for slavery is overmuch greater than the 35% proposed by Hopkins (although this does very much depend on which definition of slavery you choose to use).Bradley18 has noted that slavery in the Roman world is considered usually on economic grounds, for it is concepts like, production, income and the extraction of surplus which predominate the discussions. He also noted that the description of Rome as a slave society applies only to Roman Italy and not the wider Roman world. The obstruction on the definition must also be applied temporally as Rome can not be described as a true slave society before around the third century BC when the acquisition of empire began. Before this time the servile portion of the population was far too small for Roman Italy to qualify. It was only after the second century BC, when a series of successful foreign wars saw Rome dumbfound to import vast numbers of prisoners of war that the character of Ro man society began to change.It should be noted finally that questions of slavery in the Roman Empire and intimately exclusively discussions of slavery within Roman Italy. The wider empire did not see the broad use of slavery, in part because of the lack of individual wealth and many of those working off the land would be free men of citizens, but without the capability to purchase a slave or slaves to take over the base tasks. If we were considering slavery in the Roman Empire generally the figure would be far less that 35% although an estimate would be little more than a guess.BibliographyW. Blair, Slavery Amongst the Romans (Edinburgh 1947)H. C. Boren, Roman Society (Massachusetts 1992)K. Bradley, Slavery and Society at Rome (Cambridge 1994)M. Cary H. H. Scullard, A History of Rome (London 1935)P. D. A. Garnsey R. P. Saller, The Roman Empire Economy, Society and Culture (Los Angeles 1987)K. Hopkins, Conquerors and Slaves (Cambridge 1978)M. Le Glay, J-L Voisin Y. Le Bohec, A H istory of Rome (Oxford 1996)N. Lewis M. Reinhold, Roman Civilisation Selected Readings, 2 vols (Chichester 1990)1Footnotes1 Bradley, 1994, 12.2 Hopkins, 1978, 27.3 Front. Aq, 116-17.4 Tacitus, Ann. 14.43.4.5 Bradley, 1994, 11.6 ILS 2927.7 The jurist Gaius (second century AD) tells us that if you possessed more than 100 slaves but not more than 500 you could set free not more than one fifth of the number Gaius Institutions 1.43.8 Evidently both slaves and freedmen in fact.9 Consul in AD 16.10 Consul in AD 45.11 Although, of course, the imperial household in general owned vast numbers of domestic slaves and freedmen as noted above.12 Ep. 82.7.13 Sat. 3.286 9.64-67, 142-7 Augustan History, Hadrian, 17.6).14 Hopkins, 1978, 99-102.15 Bradley, 1994, 12.16 The others being Brazil, the Caribbean and the United states in the modern age and Athens in antiquity.17 Bradley, 1994, 13.18 Bradley, 1994, 13.

Communication And Social Development In Society

discourse And Social Development In SocietyA society tin can neither exist without chat nor can a social structure survive without it. The multi faceted development (economic, social, political and cultural) devote further asserted the importance of communication in human life. prosperous communication is the key to all social dealinghips and environments personal or professional.What is Communication? Communication is something so simple and difficult that we can never put it in simple words. Various sociologists, educationists and psychologists have defined communication in different ways and according to the disciplines to which they belong. According to Legans communication is an act of getting a transmitter and a manslayer tuned together for a particular massage or series of messages. Schramm says, it occurs betwixt two cor replying systems accompanied through unmatchable or more non-corresponding systems, resulting in an identical status to establish commonness.Othe rs like Howland, Warren Weaver, Gist, Loomis and Beegles etc. have defined communication in their respective ways, but one can conclude that it is a social interaction, that transfers the thoughts or ideas from one person or group to another so that it could be understood and acted upon. The more same a group is, the effective the communication.In the 21st Century, everyone in the world can compete on an equal footing with everyone else. Therefore the difference between success and failure will be the ability to communicate and to understand.Communication is a continuous activity. It is the two way process. It is an act of sharing knowledge, feeling, ideas, information with the engagement of words, facial expressions, gestures, body movement and often silence, that takes its meaning from the situation.The communication situation exist whenthere is a person (sender or transmitter) desirous of passing on some informationthere is another person (receiver) to whom the information is t o be passes onthe receiver partly or wholly understands the message passed on to himthe receiver responds to the message i.e., there some kind of feedback.The communication situation cannot exist in the absence of any of these four components.Consultant Faculty Member, Center for incline Language Training (CELT),College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007.e-mail emailprotectedCommunication is the lifeblood of the world. In todays globalized world, communication is essential for life. Communication is more than just a matter of speaking and hearing. Good communication, on the other hand, means that your message will be sent and that the people understand the message in its entirety. Further, they are much more likely to respond in a positive manner if the message was communicated effectively. A poorly communicated message will result in an unfavorable response.You cannot have human relations without communication. However, good and effective communication is requir ed not only for good human relations but also for good social development.Types of Communicationverbal oral and writtenNon-Verbal expression, expressive behaviors and body languageCommunication DistinctionsFormal/InformalOfficial/unofficial information exchangeVertical/Horizontal excellent Subordinates/peersPersonal/ImpersonalSituation of mutual crook/exchange without mutual influenceInstrumental/ExpressiveNecessary for job/non-job information transmissionPrinciples of CommunicationIn order to make our communication effective we should follow certain scientific principles. They are shown in the Figure 1.Figure 1Courtesy comityConcisenessCompletenessClarityCorrectnessPrinciplesOfCommunicationClarityFor clarity of expressionuse simple, easy-to-understand words,use single words for long phrases,use concrete expressions that have a visual impact on the mind and will be easy to remember,prefer active constructions, which are direct,avoid jargon.CompletenessFor completeness askwho,w hat,where,when and,why.ConcisenessFor concisiononly relevant facts,no repetition,no verbosity,proper organization of the message.ConsiderationFor considerationavoid gender bias,emphasize positive, pleasant facts.CourtesyCourtesy begets discretionso make your message courteous,use empathy,be respectful by not fawning,be brief, clear and courteous.CorrectnessCorrectness impliesgiving correct facts,at an appropriate time,in a suitable style.Conditions for Effective CommunicationScholz describes some of the factors which influence the effectiveness of communication.The credibility of the communicator and the motive attributed to him have a profound influence on the reception of his message.The most successful communications are those which reinforce at least some of the audiences beliefs, those which state conclusions as strong as premise and those which call for action.People are interested first in people, then in things, last in ideas. Their attitudes and opinions are strongly inf luenced by the groups to which they belong or want to belong.It is better to communicate information little by little over a period of time than all at once. Repeating a communication obviously prolongs its influence.Short sentences, familiar words and active verbs help to make communication both interesting and persuasive.In changing opinions, an oral manifestation tends to be more effective than the written word.Only rarely is it possible for communication, particularly over the short range, to impart deep-seated attitudes or beliefs.Mass communication alone is hardly ever an effective agent of change.Communication in EducationTraditional education always neglected communication. When we talk of communication skills in the field of education, it not only points at the provider, supplier or teachers but also it is equally important to develop this art among the recipients or the students. Quest of knowledge, anticipate of truth, urge of understanding have resulted in identifying communication as the ultimate factor in making education effective. Communication is an art and if used scientifically in education it can create wonders.Communication in IndustriesCommunication is a valuable skill. If you possess strong communication skills, this will go far in effectively helping you communicate in both your personal and professional lives. Being able to successfully communicate in caper is a prime qualification many employers actively look for when hiring new staff.When conducting business we interact with different people, including, but not limited to customers, bosses, colleagues and subordinates. Depending on the nature of business we may also interact with other agencies or partnering organizations. No matter the industry, if we work for the private or public sector, or what our line, grade or gear up is, it is a guarantee communication will somehow prominently play a part in our daily routine.Your communication skills not only consider upon you but your business. Organizations want to ensure they hire candidates who possess these dexterities. Once in the position our communication skills illuminate a statement about both yourself and our company, and well want to present a positive image. Projecting poor communication skills may paint us or our organization in a ostracise light.Communication and GlobalizationCulture, Communication and Globalization are focused on issues related to intercultural and international approaches to the ways in which culture, communication and globalization interplay with the world round us.Today India is developing fast vertically in the field of industry, trade, education etc., but if the efforts are put at individual level in the arena of communication whether interpersonal or intrapersonal, the horizontal development in terms of quality could be also achieved at the desirable rate.