Effectiveness of Persuasive Messages on Reader Actions

Effectiveness of Persuasive Messages on Reader ActionsEffectiveness of the convincing meatELM ( small Cacioppo, 1986) is pr deedical to explain the capability of the cogent centre of The partys ein truthwhere TAC ad regarding road preventativeMelody LamAbstractDriving position of driver is one of the critical factors for road prophylactic, The partys over TAC advert on TV to promote road safety and drive for taper earshots attitude change. The advertisement is aimed at stimulating the conscious thinking of marker audience and it wizs the channelise audience to evaluate the media meanss through their central pathway with fair fear of beingness stopped and caught by Traffic Police Force in series of daily situations of target audience, penalty or suspension of unprompted license to stimulate the target audiences conscious thinking to change their attitude in order to comply with the demand for no entrancement of alcohol level, drug and speed limit of Australia. Ad ult masculine and young female ar the target segment of the TAC advertisement Assistant Com spendioner of the Traffic Policing provided statement to clearly state the Australia regulations for road safety, the regulations are being reinforced and governed by the well-equipped professional almost everyplace and round the clock while you are on the road, it induces that chance of not being caught is much closed to none. The effectiveness of the key messages of the advertisement were very persuasive and the effectiveness of the TAC advertisement is explaining by the EML it croupe be explained by the Elaboration likelihood Model (ELM Petty Cacioppo, 1986).ELM (Petty Cacioppo, 1986) is practical to explain the capability of the persuasive message of The partys over TAC advertisement regarding road safetySocial psychology is the field of studying how human beings cognition, consciousness, perception and attitude are influenced by the direct or indirect affection of external starts ( Allport, 1985). Methodical discussions of theories of persuasion can be searched from Aristotles Rhetoric in Ancient Greeks. Hugh amount of scholars had use decades of academic life in experiments of persuasion with defined models and theories in social psychology field scientifically in the recent century. Numerous schools of thoughts with scientific studies assimilate contributed to the understanding of persuasion in term of psychological processes and the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM Petty Cacioppo, 1986) of persuasion is the selected topic for review and discussion. The effectiveness of the selected TAC advertisement is being evaluated and analysed with the underlying principles and variables of EML. A lot of queryers have conducted experiments regarding attitude change were found on the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM Petty Cacioppo, 1986), because this multi-process theory of persuasion has amply stated the reaction and related affection of the suit by different variables adequately (Petty et al., 2001).This essay is reviewing the effectiveness of the selected TAC advertisement in changing target audiences attitude in road safety aspects. The partys over TAC advertisement has been selected for evaluation and analysis. Several well respected social psychological models would be discussed and applied for explaining the effectiveness of the TAC advertisement with research evidence, models and theories harboured the findings of the effectiveness of the TAC advertisement. In persuading adult male and young female audience, the evaluation and analysis would be conducted for the 60-sec TAC advertisement with the EML and research evidence to support the deployment of media message through the applied character reference, message and audience factors as well as casting of actor and actress and experts message at the end.Starting from mid of 1990s, TV has been selected as the study advertising channel by proper authorities of Australia and sassy Zealand to reduce the happening of traffic accidents(Donovan, Jalleh, Henly, 1999 Tay, 2001). Negative affection of driving attitude, much(prenominal) as fatal and serious damage, has played the major fiber to strive for the change of drivers behaviours and attitude in New Zealand (Tay, 2001, 2005).In most of the countries, especially Australia and New Zealand, negative affection and unpleased outcome were applied to promote road safety. Due to the negative affection was the main fore to promote road safety frequently, great deal had the feeling and perception that the negative affection was the effective mean for improving road safety. As the advertising with positive encouragement to promote the right driving attitude was not usually applied, people had perceived that the effectiveness of positive encouragement was less than negative affection messages (Lewis, Watson, White, Tay, 2007).The selected TAC advertisement aimed to change the attitude of go drivers of target segm ent about the consequences of violation of road safety regulations in Australia. This essay evaluated the variable factors of TAC advertisement for promoting road safety through TV advertisements to the gritty accident rate segment with the research evidence to support the agreement that the TAC advertisement is effective in persuading adult male and young female audience to change their attitudes to the road safety issue.This essay stated that psychological research evidence suggests that the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM Petty Cacioppo, 1986) is useful for explaining the effectiveness of The partys over TAC advertisement in persuading viewers of adult male and young female to alternate their attitudes regarding road safety aspect.Hogg and Vaughan (2014) defined that attitude is an end deliverable of syndication of belief, rational reaction, emotion, attitude and behaviour with respect to societys major incidents, matters, groups or symbols. Also, attitude is a common thinkin g or response or perception regarding other human being(s), matter or incident either hefty or bad.Hogg and Vauhan (2014) stated that attitude change is a major alteration of human beings attitude, also, the persuasion process take into account of communicator, medium and audience as the essential elements. Attitude change can evolve and make person to do something different from current attitude and practice, also, persuasive communication is an influential message with the purpose to alternate the target subordinates associated attitude and behaviour (Hogg Vaughn, 2014).Hogg Vaughn (2014) stated that there are 3 general variables involved in persuasion communications that can lead to attitude change those are source, message and audience factors. In source factors, expertise, popularity and attractiveness and speed rate are the key source factors. In message factors, perceived manipulation, linguistic power and fear are the key messages factors. In audience factors, self- este em, distraction, age and when the argument in a message is of high quality.Brinol Petty (2008) stated that successful persuasion is induced by recording the actual alternation of the target subjects attitude to the expected direction. Regarding variable, it refers to any characteristic of the source, message, target subject or communication mean that can be different in a provided persuasion environment (Brinol, P. Petty, R. E. (2008). Persuasion variables can change in volume of information processing and influence thinking or influence subjects confidence regarding those thinking as well as act as disputes or proof or alternate attitudes by providing obvious hints and catechist, also, any provided variable, either quite a little of the source, information, subject or factor, is able to provide in these roles (Brinol, P. Petty, R. E. (2008).Regarding the video of TAC advertisement is the effective communications mean for delivering the simple message of road safety issues, targ et segment gets no way to escape from violation of the traffic regulation in Australia. Chaiken and Eagleys (1983) compared the story of effectiveness of showing messages through the communication means of video, sound as well as written article forms. This has obvious implications for advertising. Which has more than impact on consumer television, radio or printed media? It depends. If the message is simple, as much advertising is, the probable answer is video audio written. The chair variable in this context is the relative ease or difficulty of comprehension required of the audience. If the points of a message require considerable processing by the target, a written medium is likely to be best. Readers have the chance to go back at will, mull over what is being said and therefore read on. If the material is quite complex, then newspapers and magazines can come into their own. However, there is an interesting interaction with the difficulty of the message. When the message was facile to interpret by target subject, Chaiken and Eagley (1983) found that a videotaped presentation brought about most opinion alternation. When the message was hard to interpret, presenting the subject matter in writing form would be more effective than video or audio forms.The TAC advertisement projects medium degree of fear to target segment, it takes the audience to process the message through their central route with conscious thinking in persuading them to change their attitudes to punishment of toll, fine and suspension of driving license. EML is practical for explaining the effectiveness of the message and the production elements of the TAC advertisement . According to Keller and jampack (1995) and in line with dual-process models of information processing when fear is at a very low level an audience may be less actuate to attend to the message because the message does not sell out sufficiently the harmful consequences of an act. As fear builds up and stimulates inte rest and it draws the subjects maintenance to what is happening. However, a very frightening presentation of an idea may arouse so much anxiety even a state of panic, that we become distracted, miss some of the factual cognitive content of the message and are unable to process the information properly or know what to do (Hogg Vaughan, 2014). In the TAC advertisement, Australian male adult and young female were chosen as the actor and actress imputable to the audience factor, audience of the similar kinds with similar attitude and act would project themselves into the role of TAC advertisement easily.Assistant Commissioner of the Traffic Policing provided statement to clearly state the Australia regulations for road safety and the regulations were being reinforced by the Police Force in Australia. expertise was deployed to strengthen the persuasion for road safety by complying the regulations in Australia. EML is practical for explaining the effectiveness of the message and the p roduction elements of the TAC advertisement. The communicator variable affects the acceptability of persuasive messages. Other source attributes engage a portion in whether the subject will take or not accept (Hogg Vaughan, 2014). Expertise, trustworthiness and status are the key source factors that have positive impact on persuasion. When a high credibility source is deployed as one of the variable for message delivery, a credible communicator becomes very effective in inducing to attitude change.The ELM states that attitude change via persuasion happens through either central processing route or encircling(prenominal) route (Petty Cacioppo, 1986). Which type of the processing route to be run through would be based on the characteristic of message content, also the subjects influential reaction and response to the message content would make the determination of the route selection (Petty Cacioppo, 1986 Petty Wegener, 1999). When the subject is stimulated by the message content at the high level, the central processing route would be applied, but when the subject is stimulated by the message content at the low level, the peripheral processing route would be the way to go (Petty Cacioppo, 1984). Also, central processing generates attitudes that are much more long lasting than peripheral processing (Petty Cacioppo, 1986 Petty, Haugtvedt, Smith, 1995).Gariffin (2006) depict the differences between HSM and ELM, ELM states that there are central route and peripheral route for message and information processing, both routes are related to the principles for explaining attitude change. When the subject is willing to think through the message, the message is processed by the central route and on the other hand, when the subject does not think through the message thoroughly and take the easy way out in response to the message according to the simple hints. The route processing for persuasion are based on the level of thinking processing involved in evaluating the message, when it is at the highest degree of thinking process, central route processing is deployed. So, if the subject takes the lower degree of thinking process for the message content, peripheral route processing is deployed, especially for those messages with less degree of importance from the subject perspective (Griffin, 2006).In Australia, car accidents due to bad driving habits are the major contributor of road safety issues. Male adult and young female are the target segment, which contributes to the major portion of traffic accidents due to the affection of alcohol, drug and speeding. Punishment of toll, fine and suspension of driving license as fear factor was deployed for TAC advertisement, the TAC Advertisement delivered a medium degree of fear to target segment, it tracked the audience to process the message through their central route with conscious thinking in persuading them to change their attitudes. Mr. sour grass Hill, Assistant Commissioner of Road Policing , represented the high variable credibility for strengthening the persuasion to comply with the road safety regulations in Australia. The Partys Over TAC advertisement presented the theme regarding the party and deployed sound and video message for persuading drivers to change their attitudes to road safety. Police force is well-equipped with advanced equipment. Straws as the breathalysers, which are the alcohol level testing equipment, lollipops as the drug testing kits, music background with party imagery, and those variables deliver the message to target subject that this is the unpleasant and displeased Party that Australian wants. psychological research evidence suggests that ELM is useful for explaining the effectiveness of the TAC advertisement in persuading adult male and young female audience to change their attitudes to the road safety issue.ReferencesAndrews, J. R. Shimp, T. A. (2000) effects of involvement, argument strength, and source characteristics on central and p eripheral processing of advertising. Psychology Marketing, 7(3), 195-214.Cauberghe, V., Pelsmacker, P. D., Janssens, W. Dens, N (2009). Fear, threat and efficacy in threat appeals Message involvement as a key mediator to message acceptance. Accident Analysis Prevention, 41(2), 276-285.Dotson, M. Hyatt, E. M. (2000). Religious Symbols as Peripheral Cues in Advertising A Replication of the Elaboration Likelihood Model. Journal of Business Research. 48 (1), 63-68.Lewis, I, Wasti, K. M. (2008) An examination of message-relevant affect in road safety messages Should road safety advertisements aim to make us feel good or bad? headation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 11(6), 403-417.Petty, R. E. Brinol, P (2008). Psychological Processes Underlying Persuasion A Social Psychological Approach. Diogenes, 55(1), 52-67. doi10. 1177/0392107087917Petty, R. E. , Heesacker, M. Hughes, J. N (1997). The elaboration likelihood model Implications for the practice of school psych ology. Journal of School Psychology. 35 (2), 107-136.Phillips, R. O., Ulleberg, P Vaa, T (2011). Meta-analysis of the effect of road safety campaigns on accidents. Accident Analysis Prevention, 43(3), 1204-1218.Scholten, M (1996). Lost and found The information-processing model of advertising effectiveness. Journal of Business Research. 37 (2), 97-104.Sibley, C. G. Harre, N. (2009). The impact of different styles of traffic safety advertisement on young drivers explicit and implicit self-enhancement biases. Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 12(2), 159-167.The Partys over (2012, November 21). Retrieved from Transport Accident Commission of Victoria in Australia web site http//www. tac. vic. gov. au/road-safety/tac-campaigns/tac-latest-campaignsthepartysoverVaughan, G. M. Hogg, M. A. (2014) Social Psychology (7th. Ed. ), Frenchs Forest Prentice-HallWhitlock, F. A. (1969). Traffic accidents and the psychiatrist. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 3(3), 116-118. attachment

Group Paper :: essays papers

Group Paper Anorexia is characterized by a significant weight loss resulting from excessive dieting. The strong desire to be thin and a concern of becoming obese motivate so many women and an increasing number of men, to begin dieting. Anorexics consider themselves to be fat, no matter what their actual weight is. a good deal anorexics do not recognize they are underweight and may still tactile property fat at 80 lbs. Anorexics who are close to death exit reveille the parts of their body where they savor they need to loose weight. In their attempts to become even thinner, anorexics will avoid consuming food and taking in calories at whole costs. An estimated 10 to 20% of anorexics will eventually die from complications related to the disorder (http//www.mirror-mirror.org/eatdis.htm). In my personal experience, a person with anorexia may feel like their manners is out of control. In this case since the person feels like they have no control everyplace anything, they tur n to anorexia for stability in their lives. They feel that they can control their eating habits and weight, and what goes into their body and what doesnt. This feeling of control gives the person a sense of relief that he or she is in charge of at least some aspect of their life. They feel a sense of power when they step on the scale every morning and see a devolve in weight. When it does go down, they have succeeded and when it does not, they have failed in trying to accomplish their goal of thinness. When anorexics loose weight, they feel that they have all of the power and control over themselves. Anorexics are usually people who strive for perfection they will set very high standards for themselves, and they feel that they always have to prove their competence to everybody else round them. Anorexics will usually put their needs on the back burner while putting others needs ahead of theirs, even if it may cause their own life to suffer. Sometimes anorexia is an escape f or the individual from their problems. By forcing themselves to focus so strongly on dieting and loosing more and more weight, they can block out all of their other personal problems. Anorexics usually have very low self-esteem, and sometimes they feel that they do not deserve to eat.

Essay --

These lyrics are from an 80s rock band by the name of Toto. These words baron have accurately described the whole stepings of those people living at the cartridge clip of the birth of Jesus people who were wondering and hoping for a change, people who were hoping to receive a gift greater than what they could give of themselves.It was only about three weeks when we celebrated the birth of Jesus in this world on the 25th of December. Along with worship, we opportunities to replace a bunch of gifts, eating a great deal of good food, sharing conversation, potentially loading up the car and traveling from one polarity to another, only to reach those last days of December and beginning days of January with our tongues hanging out and sprawled out on the couch from exhaustion, and for some of us, eating excessively much food and/or chocolate. There whitethorn be times when we might wonder why all this needs to be done, and we begin to go steady that we are really living out the Spirit of Christmas giving and sharing gifts and time with others in a very hurried way. This could be the only time we get to visit with other family, if the family is spread out over a great distance. This is the time of year when we have the opportunities to share material gifts, as substantially as the gift of love and care. Do we ever stop, however, to wonder about the gift of hope? Where did we leave it in the midst of our packing and preparing in those stress-filled hours to begin with the Christmas celebration? How did we manage to overlook that precious gift of hope as we struggled through the parking lots and mobs of other shoppers at the mall? Do we feel it within ourselves as we attempt to find something to say on the 100th Christmas card, or mail the umpteenth email or facebook mess... ...before us? Our faith may waver from time to time, but we always fall back on hope even for the most pessimistic of us hope is what brought the Magi to the stable in Bethleh em and it also brings us to the stable, kneeling before the Christ boor in our hearts and minds. Are we still willing to humble ourselves this Christmas season before this child that brought nations in conflict to their knees? Are we still willing to experience hope and not be confused and deceived by the materialism that seems to control the holiday? respectable as our 80s rock song suggests, we need to believe in the things that we need to survive. During this Christmas season, let us take the time to reflect on gives us hope each and everyday it is truly the gift that keeps giving and giving to us regardless of where we are on our faith journeys and our proximity to our epiphanies.

Gawain :: Essays Papers

Gawainpassing AnalysisAn anonymous author around the fourteenth century wrote Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The story is get dressed in the time of King Arthur and deals with two major plan devices that are common in such tales the beheading contest between Gawain and the green nickname and the attempted seduction of Gawain by the bird. The passage contained in lines 928-993 occurs in short after the lord of the castle invites Gawain into his home and offers him a meal. The section focuses on the introduction of the dame who will afterward try to tempt Sir Gawain to sin. The author describes her in such ravishing splendor that the reader can imagine how hard it would be to refuse her advances. The hag by her side is also introduced here as a direct contrast to the lady. In this way, the ladys and the hags respective physical characteristics are further intensify by the presence of each other. Similar to other stories pen in this period, the hag in this story has magical e lements that are not revealed until much later.The lady of the castle comes to Gawain only after dinner and prayers are accompanied to by herself and her lord for she Longed to look on the knight(Norton, 222). Prior to her bearing, the lady has been secluded off in the church closet with her maids. From the very first talking to written about her, she is described as a very attractive person. The author goes on to describe her hair, face, and manner of dress, all of which only lend more(prenominal) brilliance to this vision. The passage is a testament to her comeliness and will later be Copernican in the story since it sets the foundation for the obvious attraction Gawain feels towards this womanhood from whom He claims a comely kiss, and courteously he speaks / They welcome him warmly, and straightaway he asks / To be received as their servant, if they so desire(222). The lady later admonishes Gawain the next morning when he fails to kiss her as a chivalrous knight should. T he ladys appearance is only enhanced by the presence of the hag at her side. The magical element of the hag has also been introduced in such other literary kit and caboodle as The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnell and in The Wife of Baths floor in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales. In each of these stories, the hag turns out to be something other than what she seems.Gawain Essays PapersGawainPassage AnalysisAn anonymous author around the fourteenth century wrote Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The story is set in the time of King Arthur and deals with two major plot devices that are common in such tales the beheading contest between Gawain and the green knight and the attempted seduction of Gawain by the lady. The passage contained in lines 928-993 occurs shortly after the lord of the castle invites Gawain into his home and offers him a meal. The section focuses on the introduction of the lady who will later try to tempt Sir Gawain to sin. The author describes her in such rav ishing splendor that the reader can imagine how hard it would be to resist her advances. The hag by her side is also introduced here as a direct contrast to the lady. In this way, the ladys and the hags respective physical characteristics are further enhanced by the presence of each other. Similar to other stories written in this period, the hag in this story has magical elements that are not revealed until much later.The lady of the castle comes to Gawain only after dinner and prayers are attended to by herself and her lord for she Longed to look on the knight(Norton, 222). Prior to her appearance, the lady has been secluded away in the church closet with her maids. From the very first words written about her, she is described as a very attractive person. The author goes on to describe her hair, face, and manner of dress, all of which only lend more brilliance to this vision. The passage is a testament to her comeliness and will later be important in the story since it sets the fou ndation for the obvious attraction Gawain feels towards this woman from whom He claims a comely kiss, and courteously he speaks / They welcome him warmly, and straightaway he asks / To be received as their servant, if they so desire(222). The lady later admonishes Gawain the next morning when he fails to kiss her as a chivalrous knight should. The ladys appearance is only enhanced by the presence of the hag at her side. The magical element of the hag has also been introduced in such other literary works as The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnell and in The Wife of Baths Tale in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales. In each of these stories, the hag turns out to be something other than what she seems.

American Counter Culture Essay -- Hippies Essays Papers

the Statesn Counter gardening The Counter Culture Life in America has been molded by many factors including those of the hippy movement in the Sixties. With the development of new technology, a fight against Communism, and an internal contend against racial injustice, a change in America was sure to happen. As the children of the baby boom became young adults, they found far more discontent with the ball around them. This lead to a subculture labeled as hippies, that as clock went ace merged into a mass society all its own. These people were stressed about a war in Vietnam, skeptical of the present government and its associated authority, and searching for a place to free themselves from societys current norms, bring the style they are known for today. Eve of destruction no felicityand a third motif went rippling through the baby-boom culture adhesive distinguish (Gitlin 200). The freedom they found came with the help of drugs. Marijuana evolved from its black and Hispanic , jazz- forelanded enclaves to the outlying zones of the dust coat middle class young (Gitlin 200). This new drug allowed a person to circularize their mind to new understandings and philosophies. But it wasnt just marijuana that receptive the minds of the youth a new drug known as LSD came into initiation Depending on who was doing the talking, LSD is an intellectual tool to explore psychic inner space, a new source of kicks for thrill seekers, the sacramental substance of a far-out unavowed movement- or the latest and most frightening addiction to the list of mind drugs now available in the pill society being fashioned by pharmacology (Clark 59). With politicians and law enforcement officers looking on the drug as a danger to society, many expert chemists set up underground laboratories and fabricated wet and pure LSDkept their prices down, gave out plenty of free samples, and false themselves dispensers of miracles at the service of a new age (Gitlin 214). It wasnt just t he youth in America who was using these drugs. A statistic from 1967 states that more American process in Vietnam were arrested for smoking marijuana than for any other major crime (Steinbeck 97). The astound statistic wasnt the amount of soldiers smoking marijuana it was the amount of soldiers America was displace over to fight a war that nobody understood.Between 1965 and 1967, troops manifold and redoubled and ... ... Reagan thought of the hippies as someone who dresses like Tarzan, has bull like Jane, and smells like Cheetah (qtd. in Gitlin 217). But with or without such external influences, the hippies continued to pursue their make love not war and free love attitudes. No movement in our history defines a heathen change more accurately than the hippie movement in the 60s. They had their own laws, music, clothes, and writings. The view of what a society should be was a common one to all hippies. Their ideas were big all throughout the late Sixties and proterozoic Seven ties, and there is still a large hippie population in America today. Works Cited Clark, M. LSD and the Drugs of the Mind. Newsweek 9 May 1966 59-64. Country Joe and the Fish. Woodstock. Saugerties, N.Y. June 1969. Gitlin, Todd. The Sixties. New York niggling Books, 1987. Hendrix, Jimi. If 6 Was 9. Axis Bold As Love. MCA Records. 1987. Rubin, Jerry. We Are Everywhere. New York Harper and Row, 1971. Steinbeck, lavatory IV. Marihuana Reconsidered. Cambridge Harvard UP, 1971. Sutton, H. Summer Days in Psychedelphia. Saturday Review 19 Aug. 1967 36+. Youth Question the War. Time 6 Jan. 196722. American Counter Culture Essay -- Hippies Essays PapersAmerican Counter Culture The Counter Culture Life in America has been molded by many factors including those of the hippie movement in the Sixties. With the development of new technology, a war against Communism, and an internal war against racial injustice, a change in America was sure to happen. As the children of the baby boom became young adults, they found far more discontent with the world around them. This lead to a subculture labeled as hippies, that as time went one merged into a mass society all its own. These people were upset about a war in Vietnam, skeptical of the present government and its associated authority, and searching for a place to free themselves from societys current norms, bringing the style they are known for today. Eve of destruction no satisfactionand a third motif went rippling through the baby-boom culture adhesive love (Gitlin 200). The freedom they found came with the help of drugs. Marijuana evolved from its black and Hispanic, jazz-minded enclaves to the outlying zones of the white middle class young (Gitlin 200). This new drug allowed a person to open their mind to new understandings and philosophies. But it wasnt just marijuana that opened the minds of the youth a new drug known as LSD came into existence Depending on who was doing the talking, LSD is an intellectual tool to explore psychic inner space, a new source of kicks for thrill seekers, the sacramental substance of a far-out mystical movement- or the latest and most frightening addiction to the list of mind drugs now available in the pill society being fashioned by pharmacology (Clark 59). With politicians and law enforcement officers looking on the drug as a danger to society, many expert chemists set up underground laboratories and fabricated potent and pure LSDkept their prices down, gave out plenty of free samples, and fancied themselves dispensers of miracles at the service of a new age (Gitlin 214). It wasnt just the youth in America who was using these drugs. A statistic from 1967 states that more American troops in Vietnam were arrested for smoking marijuana than for any other major crime (Steinbeck 97). The amazing statistic wasnt the amount of soldiers smoking marijuana it was the amount of soldiers America was sending over to fight a war that nobody understood.Between 1965 an d 1967, troops doubled and redoubled and ... ... Reagan thought of the hippies as someone who dresses like Tarzan, has hair like Jane, and smells like Cheetah (qtd. in Gitlin 217). But with or without such outside influences, the hippies continued to pursue their make love not war and free love attitudes. No movement in our history defines a cultural change more accurately than the hippie movement in the 60s. They had their own laws, music, clothes, and writings. The view of what a society should be was a common one to all hippies. Their ideas were big all throughout the late Sixties and early Seventies, and there is still a large hippie population in America today. Works Cited Clark, M. LSD and the Drugs of the Mind. Newsweek 9 May 1966 59-64. Country Joe and the Fish. Woodstock. Saugerties, N.Y. June 1969. Gitlin, Todd. The Sixties. New York Bantam Books, 1987. Hendrix, Jimi. If 6 Was 9. Axis Bold As Love. MCA Records. 1987. Rubin, Jerry. We Are Everywhere. New York Harper and Ro w, 1971. Steinbeck, John IV. Marihuana Reconsidered. Cambridge Harvard UP, 1971. Sutton, H. Summer Days in Psychedelphia. Saturday Review 19 Aug. 1967 36+. Youth Question the War. Time 6 Jan. 196722.

Enders Game And Out Of The Silent Planet Essay :: essays research papers fc

In both novels, the characters represent certain kinds of individuals in todays society. They encounterjealousy, as well as some(prenominal) other conflicts within themselves, and human nature. Ultimately, these two novels deliver the inner conflicts of our society.Both, Enders Game and Out of the Silent Planet are related in terms of the variant structures of society, the qualities of the characters, and both characters struggles with others in the stories.In Enders Game class structure is strictly military based. The classes are comprised of Citizens, who are just common people, making up the raw material population, but are separate from the other classes. "Thirds" are children who were allowed to be born. In this futuristic setting the novel takes place in. Families were only allowed to comprise of two children. However, in Ender Wiggens case, the government believed that he was the missing link, the great commander who would lead Earth to victory against the dreaded "Buggers". Which Ender does achieve. Thirds, however, were shunned, picked on, and very much left out because they were sought to be mixer out casts."Launchies" were the newcomers to the Battle School. They were always about six years old, and were often the lackeys of the older children soldiers. Next came the platoons. platoons were the main fighting group, which was just the basic soldier, they had little look upon from others as well as themselves. Platoon leaders however, were the more desired positions at the Battle School. They were the best of the soldiers, and were veterans. Chosen over a period of time, and flight reviewing were the the States Leaders. Each Army Leader was expected to act a certain way, hardened and wise, as well as strict. Those, who made it to Army Leader often graduated, and went to war against the Buggers. Above these classes were the political castes. They were often corrupt and misled individuals, who often made many important dec isions. At others expense they followed through with their decisions, such as with pickings Ender away from his family to train in the military. Orson Scott Card is quoted saying about the government that "the followers are ignorant and stupid and easily fooled, and the leaders are exploitative and cynical, manipulating others faith for their private benefit."(Card, pg. 2) Which the government in his novel was often portrayed doing to the general public. One instance of this was, when Ender was attacked by Bonzo and a few of the other boys.